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Anaphy (Midterm) > Skeletal system (Lecture) > Flashcards

Skeletal system (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the skeletal system

A

 Bones (skeleton)
 Joints
 Cartilages
 Ligaments

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2
Q

Functions of Bones

A

 Support of the body

 Protection of soft organs

 Movement due to attached skeletal
muscles

 Storage of minerals (Ca and P) and fats

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2
Q

Skeletal System Divided into two divisions

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Two basic types of osseous - bone tissue

A

Compact Bone - Dense and Homogenous
Spongy Bone - Small needle-like pieces of bone
- many open spaces

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5
Q

-Typically longer than wide
- Have a shaft with heads at both ends

A

Long bones ( Femur, Humerus)

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5
Q

Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone

A

Short bones (Carpals and tarsals)

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6
Q

form within tendons

A

Sesamoid bones (patella or kneecap)

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7
Q

Thin and flattened, usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

A

Flat bones (skull, ribs and sternum)

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8
Q

Irregular shape
- Do not fit into other bone classification
categories

A

Irregular bones (Vertebrae and hip)

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9
Q

Composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

-Ends of the bone

  • Composed mostly of
    spongy bone
A

Epiphysis

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11
Q
  • Outside covering of the diaphysis
  • Fibrous connective tissue membrane
A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Supply bone cells with nutrients

A

Arteries

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13
Q

Secure periosteum to underlying bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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14
Q

-Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
- Made of hyaline cartilage
-Decreases friction at joint surfaces

A

Articular cartilage

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15
Q

-Cavity of the shaft
-Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
- Contains red marrow (for blood cell
formation) in infants

A

Medullary Cavity

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16
Q
  • Surface features of bones
  • Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons,
    and ligaments
  • Passages for nerves and blood vessels
  • Categories of bone markings
A

Bone Markings

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17
Q

grow out from the bone surface

A

Projections or processes

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18
Q

A unit of bone

A

Osteon (Haversian System)

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19
Q
  • Opening in the center of an osteon
  • Carries blood vessels and nerves
A

Central (Haversian) canal

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20
Q
  • Canal perpendicular to the central canal
  • Carries blood vessels and nerves
A

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

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21
Q
  • Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
  • concentric rings
A

Lacunae

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22
Q
  • Rings around the central canal
  • Sites of lacunae
A

Lamellae

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23
Q

-Tiny canals
-Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
- Form a transport system

A

Canaliculi

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24
Q

Areas where cartilage remains

A

Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints

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25
Q

Types of Bone Cells

A

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

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26
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

27
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

28
Q
  • Bone-destroying cells
  • Break down bone matrix for remodeling and
    release of calcium
A

Osteoclasts

29
Q

is a process by both
osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Bone remodeling

30
Q

break that does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed (simple) fracture

31
Q

broken bone penetrates through the skin

A

Open (compound) fracture

32
Q

swelling) is formed due to broken blood vessels

A

Hematoma (blood-filled swelling)

33
Q

Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a

A

callus – cartilage matrix, bony matrix,
collagen fibers – capillaries also form again

34
Q

Forms the longitudinal part of the body

A

Axial Skeleton

34
Q

Skull 2 sets of bones

A

Cranium, Facial Bones

34
Q

Axial skeleton is divided into three parts

A

Skull, Vertebral column, Bony thorax

35
Q

Hollow portions of bones surrounding
the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal Sinuses

36
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A

 Lighten the skull
 Give resonance and amplification to voice

37
Q

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

Hyoid Bone

38
Q

fibrous membranes connecting
the cranial bones

  • Soft spots
    -Allow the brain to grow and for easier delivery
  • Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
A

Fontanelles

39
Q

separated by intervertebral discs

A

Vertebrae

40
Q

Forms a cage to protect major
organs

A

Bony thorax

41
Q

Bony thorax is made up of three parts

A

Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae

42
Q

bones of the Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle

A

126 bones

43
Q

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Composed of two bones

A

Clavicle - collarbone
Scapula - Scapula

44
Q

The arm is formed by a single bone

A

Humerus

45
Q

The forearm has two bones

A

Ulna and Radius

46
Q

Hip bones composed of three pair of fused bones

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubic bone

47
Q

The thigh has one bone, the heaviest and strongest bone in the body

A

Femur (Thigh bone)

48
Q

The leg has two bones

A

Tibia and Fibula

49
Q

Bones of the foot are arranged to
form three strong arches

A

Two longitudinal
One transverse

50
Q

Articulations of bones

A

Joints

51
Q

Ways joints are classified

A
  • Functionally
  • Structurally
52
Q

immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

53
Q

slightly moveable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

54
Q

freely moveable joints

A

Diarthroses

55
Q

Generally immovable

A

Fibrous joints

56
Q

Immovable or slightly moveable

A

Cartilaginous joints

57
Q

Freely moveable

A

Synovial joints

58
Q

Bones united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous Joints

59
Q

Bones united by fibrous tissue examples

A

Sutures in skull
Syndesmoses

60
Q

Bones connected by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous Joints

61
Q

Cartilaginous Joints example

A

Pubic symphysis - pelvis
Intervertebral joints - spinal column

62
Q

Bones connected by cartilage

A

Pubic symphysis - pelvis
Intervertebral joints – spinal column

63
Q

– flattened fibrous sacs
 Lined with synovial membranes
 Filled with synovial fluid

A

Bursae

63
Q

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

A

Tendon Sheath

Anaphy (Midterm) (4 decks)

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