Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy (Midterm) > SKELETAL (bones and joints) > Flashcards

SKELETAL (bones and joints) Flashcards

1
Q

are bone-building cells. These cells have an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes.

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The hydroxyapatite crystals act as templates that stimulate further hydroxyapatite formation and mineralization of the matrix. The formation of new bone by osteoblasts is called

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

once the osteoblasts have secreted sufficient bone matrix

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osteocyte cell bodies are housed within the bone matrix in spaces called

A

lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteocyte cell extensions are housed in narrow, long spaces called

A

canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are bone-destroying cells. These cells break down bone.

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mature bone is called. It is organized into thin, concentric sheets or layers, called lamellae

A

lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The functional unit of compact bone, composed of concentric rings of matrix, which surround a central tunnel and contain osteocytes

A

Osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In cross section, an osteon resembles a circular target; the bull’s-eye of the target is the

A

central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ends of a long bone are called e

A

epiphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is the center portion of the bone. It is composed primarily of compact bone tissue, surrounding a hollow center called the medullary cavity.

A

diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Within joints, the end of a long bone is covered with hyaline cartilage called

A

articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When bone stops growing in length, the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified and is called the

A

epiphyseal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is the site of blood cell formation

A

Red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is mostly adipose tissue.

A

yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is a connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone

A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is a single cell layer of connective tissue that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within bones, such as the medullary cavity of the diaphysis and the smaller cavities in spongy and compact bone

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Skeletal System Functions

A
  1. Support
  2. Protect
  3. Movement
  4. Storage
  5. Blood cell production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bones are longer than they are wide;
examples are upper and lower limb bones.

A

Long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bones are approximately as wide as they
are long; examples are the bones of the wrist and ankle.

A

short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bones have a relatively thin, flattened shape;
examples are bones of the skull and sternum.

A

flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

include the vertebrae and facial
bones, which have shapes that do not fit readily
into the other three categories.

A

Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

covers epiphyses
reduces friction

A

Articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

site of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

center of
diaphysis red or
yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

membrane around
bone’s outer
surface

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

membrane that
lines medullary
cavity

A

Endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bones contain cavities, such as the large
medullary cavity in the diaphysis, as well as
smaller cavities in the epiphyses of long bones
and in the interior of other bones.

A

Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

location of blood forming
cells.

A

Red marrow

29
Q

marrow is mostly fat.

A

Yellow marrow

30
Q

rings of bone matrix

A

Lamella

31
Q

spaces between lamella

A

Lacunae

32
Q

tiny canals
transport nutrients
and remove
waste

A

Canaliculus

33
Q

center of osteon, contains blood vessels

A

Central canal

34
Q

It is located at the epiphyses of long bones
and center of other bones.

  • It has trabeculae, which are interconnecting
    rods, and spaces that contain marrow.
  • It has no osteons.
A

Spongy bone

34
Q

responsible for the formation of
bone and the repair and remodeling of bone.

A

Osteoblasts

35
Q

cells that maintain bone matrix and
form from osteoblast after bone matrix has
surrounded it.

A

Osteocytes

36
Q

contribute to bone repair and
remodeling by removing existing bone, called
bone reabsorption.

A

Osteoclasts

37
Q

Bone formation that occurs within connective
tissue membranes is called

A

intramembranous
ossification.

37
Q

is the formation of bone by
osteoblasts.

A

Ossification

38
Q

The process begins in areas called, and the trabeculae radiate out from the
centers.

A

ossification
centers

38
Q

Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline
cartilage is called

A

endochondral ossification.

38
Q

occurs when
osteoblasts begin to produce bone within
connective tissue.

A

Intramembranous ossification

39
Q

Endochondral bone formation is bone formation
within a cartilage model.

A

Endochondral Ossification

40
Q

smooth, rounded end
* Example - occipital condyle

A

Condyle

41
Q

is composed of the skull, the
vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.

A

The axial skeleton

42
Q

The braincase, which encloses the cranial cavity,
consists of how many bones

A

8

42
Q

The skull has how many bones?

A

22

43
Q

The bony structure of the face has

A

14 facial bones

44
Q

Anterior part of cranium

A

Frontal bone

45
Q

Posterior portion and floor of cranium

A

Occipital bones

46
Q

Sides and roof of cranium

A

Parietal bones

47
Q
  • Inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium
  • Temporomandibular joint
A

Sphenoid bone

48
Q
  • Anterior portion of cranium, including medial
    surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity
  • Nasal conchae
A

Ethmoid bone

49
Q

Form upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate,
part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye
orbits

A

Maxillae

50
Q

Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Palatine bones

51
Q
  • Cheek bones
  • Also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit
A

Zygomatic bones

51
Q

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

A

Lacrimal bones

52
Q

Form bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

53
Q
  • In midline of nasal cavity
  • Forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone
A

Vomer

54
Q

Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

Inferior nasal conchae

55
Q
  • Lower jawbone
  • Only movable skull bone
A

Mandible

56
Q

Several of the bones associated with the nasal
cavity have large cavities within them, called the
paranasal sinuses which open into the nasal
cavity.

A

Paranasal Sinuses

57
Q

The paranasal sinuses are

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Maxillary
58
Q

is an unpaired, U-shaped bone
that is not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull or any other bones.

-provides an attachment for some
tongue muscles,

-has the unique distinction of
being the only bone in the body that does not
articulate with another bone.

A

Hyoid Bone

59
Q

spine, is the central axis of the
skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly past the end of the pelvis.

A

Vertebral Column

60
Q

In adults, it usually consists of ___ individual bones, grouped into five regions.

A

26

60
Q

The adult vertebral column has four major curvatures:

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrococcygeal

61
Q

can be classified structurally as fibrous,
cartilaginous, or synovial, according to the major
connective tissue type that binds the bones
together and whether a fluid-filled joint capsule is
present.

A

Joints

62
Q
  • united by means of cartilage
  • subclasses are synchondroses and symphysis
A

Cartilaginous

62
Q
  • joined by a fluid cavity
  • Most joints of the appendicular skeleton
A

Synovial

63
Q
  • non-movable joint
  • Example – skull bone articulations
A

Synarthrosis

64
Q
  • slightly movable joint
  • Example - between vertebrae
A

Amphiarthrosis

65
Q
  • freely movable joint
  • Example - knee, elbow, and wrist articulations
A

Diarthrosis:

Anaphy (Midterm) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions