Joints Flashcards
Also called an articulation, any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together ( articulate with each other) to form a connection.
Joints
Are classified both structurally and functionally, it named according to the bone portions that join together
Joints
Structural classification of Joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
It holds two bones together by a pad cartilage and has a little or no movements
Cartilaginous
Cartilaginous is subdivided into two
Synchondroses
Symphyses
Contain hyaline cartilage
Synchondroses
- Contains synovial fluid and allows considerable movement between articulating bones
- covered articular cartilage
- produce synovial fluid
Synovial
Contain fibrocartilage
Symphyses
Bones in articular surfaces in synovial joint called
Synovial Cavity
Nonmovable joints
Synarthroses
Free movable joints
Diarthroses
Slightly movable joints
Amphiarthroses
Types of Synovial Joint
Plane
Saddle
Hinge
Pivot
Ball and Socket
Ellipsoid
Occurring around one axis
Uniaxial
Occurring around two axis
Biaxial
Occurring around several axis
Multiaxial
A binding movement that decreases the angle of the joints to bring the articulating bones closing together
Flexion
Opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle of the joints to extend the articulating bones
Extension
Extension beyond 180 degrees. Its a normal movements but it can lead to injury
Hyperextension
movement of the foot toward the plantar surface
Plantar Flexion
Movement of the foot towards the shin
dorsiflexion
A movement away from median or midsagittal plane
Abduction
A movements towards the median plane
Adduction
Refers to unique rotation of the forearm the elbow flexed at 90 degree angle
Pronation and Supination
A rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down
Pronation
A rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces up
Supination
Turning the foot so that the plantar surfaces faces laterally
Eversion
Turning the foot so that the plantar surfaces faces medially
Inversion
Turning of a structure around its long axis, as in shaking the head ‘‘no’’
Rotation of the arm can be best demonstrated with the elbow flexed
Rotation
Occurs at freely movable joints, such as the shoulder. In circumduction, the arm moves so that it traces a cone where the shoulder joints are at the apex of the cone.
Circumduction
It is a movement of a structure in a superior direction. Closing the mouth involves in the mandible
Elevation
A movements of a inferior direction. Opening the mouth involve depression of the mandible
Depression
A movement of a structure to one side, as in moving the mandible from side to side
Excursion
Thumb and little finger movement, occurs when the tips of the thumb and little finger are brought toward each other across the palm of the hand
Opposition
Returning the digits to the anatomical position
Reposition
