Skeletal system- Joints Flashcards
What makes up the appendicular system?
Girdles (pectoral and pelvic)
Upper limbs (arms, forearm, wrist, hands)
Lower limbs (thigh, leg, foot)
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Coxal bones and sacrum (form ring)
pelvis (coccyx)
Hip- right and left (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Acetabulum- articulates with head of femur
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses (teeth)
What are the three main characteristics of fibrous joints?
united by fibrous connective tissue
have no joint cavity
Move little or none
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints and what type of cartilage are they made of?
Synchondroses composed of hyaline cartilage
Symphyses composed of fibrocartilage
What type of joint unites two bones by the means of cartilage by which they are composed?
cartilaginous joints
What are the key characteristics of synchondroses joints?
type of cartilaginous joint
composed/joined of hyaline cartilage
little/ no movement occurs
some are temporary/ some are permanent
Where can you find the cartilaginous joint synchondroses?
epiphyseal plate
Costal cartilage of first rib (sternocostal synchondroses)
What are the key characteristics of symphyses joints?
type of cartilaginous joint
composed of fibrocartilage which unites 2 bones
what are some examples of symphyses joints?
symphysis pubis
between the manubrium sternum and the body of the sternum
intervertebral disks
what are the main characteristics of synovial joints?
contain synovial fluid
allow considerable movement
made of articular hyaline cartilage which provides smooth surface
has a joint cavity which encloses articular surfaces
capsule
Which joint has no blood vessels or nerves in its articular cartilages?
synovial
gets nutrients from nearby blood vessels and synovial fluid
Explain the characteristics of the capsule in a synovial joint?
3 pts
fibrous capsule:
made of dense irregular connective tissue, continuous with fibrous layer of the periosteum.
Synovial membrane and fluid: membrane lines inside of joint
capsule except at actual articulation of articular cartilages. Thin, delicate
Nerves in capsule help brain know position of joints (proprioception)
what are the 5 main accessory structures?
Bursae
ligaments and tendons= stabilization
articular disks
menisci
tendon sheaths
What is meant by the accessory structure knows as bursae?
Pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint
Found in areas of friction
◦ Bursitis = inflammation off bursae