Endocrine System 3

Question 1

How is hormone secretion controlled?

Answer 1

negative feedback systems

Three different method:
1. The action of a substance other than a hormone on an endocrine gland.
2. Neural control of endocrine gland.
3. Control of secretory activity of one endocrine gland by hormone or neurohormone secreted by another endocrine gland

Question 2

How is hormone secretion controlled by humoral stimulation?

Answer 2

humoral stimulus refers to the control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood.

For example, a rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of insulin. Insulin causes blood glucose levels to drop, which signals the pancreas to stop producing insulin in a negative feedback loop

Question 3

How is hormone secretion controlled by neural stimuli? 4 steps

Answer 3

1. Action potential (AP) in a neuron
   innervating an endocrine cell stimulates secretion of a
   stimulatory neurotransmitter

2.Endocrine cell secretes its hormone
into the blood where it will travel to its target

3.Action Potential in the neuron stimulates secretion of an inhibitory neurotransmitter

4.Endocrine cell is inhibited and does
no t secrete its hormone.

Question 4

What are the 5 steps to control of hormone secretion by hormonal stimuli?

Answer 4

1. Neurons in the hypothalamus release stimulatory hormones, called releasing hormones. Releasing hormones travel in the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

2.Releasing hormones stimulate the release of tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary, which travel in blood to their target endocrine cell.

3.The target endocrine cell secretes its hormone into the blood, where it travels to its target and produces a response

4.The hormone from the target endocrine cell also inhibits the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary from secreting the releasing hormone and the tropic hormone. This is negative feedback.

5.In some instances, the hypothalamus can also secrete inhibiting hormones, which prevent the secretion of anterior pituitary tropic hormones

Question 5

What is the steps of negative feedback by hormones to regulate blood hormone levels? 3pts

Answer 5

1. Anterior pituitary gland secretes a tropic hormone, which travels in blood to target endocrine cell

2.Hormone from target endocrine cell travels to its target

3.This hormone also has a negative feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus, decreasing secretion of tropic hormone

Question 6

What is the 3 step process of positive feedback by hormones to regulate blood hormone levels?

Answer 6

1.Anterior pituitary gland secretes a tropic hormone, which travels in blood to target endocrine cell

2.Hormone from target endocrine cell travels to its target

3.This hormone also has a positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus, increasing secretion of tropic hormone

Question 7

Which hormone ratio is used to detect overtraining syndrome?

Answer 7

Testosterone to cortisol ratio

Question 8

How is the testosterone to cortisol ratio used to detect overtraining syndrome?

Answer 8

Reflects the anabolic/catabolic status of the body

Ratio decreases when training load increases

Below a certain threshold, it may indicate over-training

May be caused by both mental and physical stress