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SEMESTER 1 EXAM > Skeletal System Exam Revision > Flashcards

Skeletal System Exam Revision Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Name 4 functions/purpose of the skeletal system

A

Provides body with a framework to suspend muscles and organs

Provides: protection and support

Contains Joints which create movement.

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2
Q

What attaches muscle to a bone

A

Tendons

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3
Q

What type of tissue is a tendon

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

What can be found inside a bone and name the 2 types

A

Bone Marrow
Red and Yellow

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5
Q

What does red bone marrow produce

A

ALL cells

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6
Q

Name 3 types of cells produced in the red bone marrow

A

Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes

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7
Q

What is the main type of blood cancer

A

Leukaemia

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8
Q

What is a common symptom of blood cancers

A

Bone Pain

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9
Q

Which parts of the skeleton contain red bone marrow (name 2)

A

Axial Skeleton
Apendicular skeleton

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10
Q

What does the skeleton provide a large surface area for

A

Mineral Homeostasis

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11
Q

Name 3 minerals found in the skeleton

A

Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus

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12
Q

Describe 3 properties of bone

A

Living
Has rich blood supply
Strong but flexible

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13
Q

What can be found/is stored in Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Triglycerides (Fats)

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14
Q

What type of cells are ALL bone cells

A

Osteogenic Cells

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15
Q

What process do bone cells undergo to reproduce/replicate.

A

Mitosis

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16
Q

What is the name for an immature bone building cell

A

OsteoBlast

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17
Q

What is the name for a mature bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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18
Q

Name 2 substances that Osteoblasts secrete

A

Collagen
Bony Matrix

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19
Q

What is the name of the bone cell responsible for breaking down of bone

A

Osteoclast

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20
Q

What do Osteoclasts contain which help to break down the bone matrix

A

Lots of Lysosomes

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21
Q

What happens on a cellular level if some experiences Osteoporosis

A

Too much osteoclast activity compared to osteoblast activity.

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22
Q

Name 2 things which contribute to bone building activity

A

Weight bearing exercises stimulates osteoblast activity

Sex Hormones - Oestrogen

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23
Q

Give another risk factors for developing Osteoporosis (aside from age)

A

Trauma eg fractures or surgery

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24
Q

Give an example Type and name of a bone where Compact Bone can be found

A

Long Bone - Femur

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25
Name 2 features of compact Bone.
Always on outside of bone Strong
26
What is the double layered membrane called of compact bone
Periosteum
27
Looking at a femur - name the two parts - both ends and shaft
Epiphysis (ends) and Diaphysis (Long shaft)
28
What does the distal epiphysis mean
Farthest away
29
Name 2 hormones which stimulate bone development
Growth Hormone Thyroid Hormone
30
Other than Growth Hormone and Thyroid hormone name others which can impact on bone development.
Testosterone Oestrogen
31
Name the location on a bone which synthesises bone from cartiledge cells
Epiphyseal Growth Plate
32
What does the Epiphyseal Growth Plate do
Causes a bone to get longer
33
Explain how a bone can get thicker - ie the process
By using Osteoblasts in the Periosteum
34
Define Gout
Uric acid crystal deposits in synovial joints
35
Who is most prone to Gout
Men over 40 years
36
Describe the process by which Gout forms in the body
Uric acid crystals form on cartilage surfaces. White Blood Cells activate acute inflammation
37
What can you expect to see in blood tests from someone suffering with Gout
HyperUricaemia: an elevated level of uric acid in the blood
38
Name 2 causes of HyperUricaemia
Overproduction of Uric acid Underexcretion of Uric acid
39
Name a dietary cause of Gout
High intake of purine rich foods
40
Name 4 symptoms of Gout
Painful/Red/Hot/Swollen Joints Shiny skin over joint Monoarticular (one joint)
41
Name a common joint which can be affected by Gout
Big Toe
42
What is a Tophi - in Gout
Urate crystal deposit causing a nodule under the skin
43
Name 2 Allopathic Treatments for Gout
Allopuronol Corticosteriod Injections
44
Name 3 types of muscle
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
45
Name 2 striated muscle types
Cardiac Skeletal
46
Is Smooth muscle striated or non striated
Non striated
47
Name a type of voluntary muscle
Skeletal
48
Name 2 types of Involuntary muscles
Cardiac
49
What type of disease is Osteoarthritis (what causes)
Degenerative - wear and tear
50
What type of disease is Rheumatoid Arthritis (causes)
Autoimmune
51
What tissues are affected in Osteoarthritis
Articular Cartilage
52
What tissues are affected in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Synovial Membrane
53
What types of joint are affected in Osteoarthritis
Large weight bearing joints eg Hip and Knee
54
What types of joint are affected in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Any synovial joints (systemic)
55
What is the age of onset for Osteoarthritis
50 plus
56
What is the age of onset for Rheumatoid Arthritis
30 to 50
57
Does Osteoarthritis affect both sides
No - asymmetrical
58
Does Rhueumatoid Arthritis affect both sides
Yes - symmetrical
59
What can you expect to see on radiology tests for Osteoarthritis
Narrowed joint space and osteophytes
60
What can you expect to see on radiology tests for Rheumatoid arthritis
Bone erosions on x ray
61
What will blood tests find for osteoarthritis
Nothing Abnormal
62
What will blood tests find for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Raised CRP levels Raised ESR levels (rheumatoid factor)
63
Name 4 signs and symptoms of Osteo arthritis
Gradual onset: months or years to develop Morning stiffness: less than 30 minutes Joints become disformed: eg distal fingers No systemic symptoms Bone spurs form
64
Name 4 signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bi-lateral/symmetrical joint pain: hands and feet mostly (small joints) Morning stiffness: more than 1 hour Deformities occur: Swans neck fingers Systemic Symptoms: Weight loss, fatigue Subcutaneous Nodules
65
Name 2 triggers for Rheumatoid Arthritis
HLA-DR4 and DR1 gene Environmental Triggers

SEMESTER 1 EXAM (3 decks)

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