Muscular System Exam Revision Flashcards
What 2 myofilaments are responsible for muscle contraction/relaxation
Actin
Myosin
What minerals/is required for muscle contraction
Calcium
ATP
What minerals/is required for muscle relaxation
Magnesium
ATP
What is the name of the process through which ATP is formed
Cell Respiration
Name the 2 types of cell respiration and what they mean
Aerobic -uses oxygen
Anaerobic - without oxygen
Oxygen + ? = ? + water= energy
Oxygen + Glucose + CO2 + water + energy
What is the function of Creatine Phosphate
A stored form of ATP in skeletal muscle for use when required.
What does muscle do (functions)
Movement: muscle contraction
Maintains Posture: continual partial muscle contraction
Generates Heat: Thermogenesis
Stores Substances
What 2 substances are needed for Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen
Glycogen
How many glucose molecules are in 1 Glycogen
60,000
? + ? = ATP
Oxygen
Glycogen
Which other part of the body stores Glycogen
Liver
Name a mineral stored in muscles
Calcium
Name one property of cardiac muscle that is different to any other type.
It’s autorhythmic
What is the name for where motor neurons meets a muscle fibre
The Neuromuscular Junction
What happens at the Neuromuscular junction to cause a muscle to move
A signal is required.
Acetylcholine: The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic end gap.
This causes the nerve impulse to travel along the Sarcolemma
What neurotransmitter contracts smooth muscle in the gut.
Serotonin
In the digestive system what instructs the muscles to contract
The Vagus Nerve
What is the function of Myoglobin
A protein which binds oxygen
Where is the diaphragm situated
Thoracic Cavity above it
Abdominal Cavity below it
What runs through the diaphragm
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta
Vagus Nerve
What is the function of Transverse tubules
Allows rapid transmission of electrical signal inside myocyte for fast contraction.
Who do some muscles appear red in colour
High levels of Myoglobin
Function of Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Raises eyebrows
Pectoralis Major
Draw arms forward
Biceps Brachii
Flex and supinate elbow
Rectus Abdominis
Crucnhes.Flexes Abdomen
What muscle is the antagonis of Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
3 locations where smooth muscle is found
Iris in eyes
Blood Vessels
Airways
Why does a patient experience weakness in Myesthenia Gravis
Antibodies bind to the Acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ blocking the nerve impulse along the sarcolemma
