Cells Tissue Genetics

Question 1

What is a cell membrane made from (layers) and name both layers

Answer 1

Phospholipid BiLayer -
Phosphate Heads -Hydrophillic
Lipid Tails - Hydrophobic

Question 2

Name the watery substance inside a cell

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

What comprises the whole cell inside the membrane

Answer 3

Nucleus plus organeels

Question 4

What can be found inside the nucleus

Answer 4

DNA - a condensed form of genetic material

Question 5

What do Ribosomes produce

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

Where can Ribosomes be found in a cell

Answer 6

Rough ER or inside floating/loose

Question 7

Ribosomes on Rough ER produce protein for where?

Answer 7

Outside of cell use

Question 8

Ribosomes inside cell but not on Rough ER produce protein for?

Answer 8

Use inside of cell

Question 9

What is the function of the smooth ER

Answer 9

Synthesis lipids

Question 10

What is the function of Mitochondria

Answer 10

Important for cardiovascular and muscular system ATP production

Question 11

What does ATP stand for

Answer 11

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 12

What are Lysosomes and what are their function?

Answer 12

Balls of enzymes - breaks down organelles which have reached end of life

Question 13

Explain what happens in the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

Proteins from the Rough ER are sent there for modification and repackaging to export outside of cell

Question 14

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 14

Helps to keep the cell up and from collapsing. it is the scaffolding of the cell.

Question 15

Name the subsection of a genetic sequence on DNA

Answer 15

Gene

Question 16

How many Genes are present on one strand of DNA

Answer 16

20.000

Question 17

What is a gene made from

Answer 17

Amino Acids

Question 18

Name the amino acids which can be found in a gene and which go with which always

Answer 18

Adenine/Cytosine
Guanine/Thymine

Question 19

RNA takes a single copy of the gene which is known as?

Answer 19

mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid)

Question 20

The process of copying a Gene is called

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

What happens to the mRNA after Transcription and what is that process called?

Answer 21

It leaves the nucleus and gives the copy to the Ribosome on the Rough ER to synthesize the protein- it is called Translation

Question 22

What happens to the protein on the Rough ER after Translation

Answer 22

It goes to the Golgi Apparatus for sorting and packaging (reconfiguration) to be sent outside of the cell.

Question 23

What is a Mutation

Answer 23

where part of the genetic sequence is changed

Question 24

What is the name for lots of cells joined together

Answer 24

Tissue

Question 25

Name a feature of Epithelial tissue

Answer 25

Cells packed tightly together

Question 26

Name 2 things which can be found in a cell membrane.

Answer 26

Transmembrane proteins
Phospholipids

Question 27

Name 3 functions of Transmembrane proteins

Answer 27

Channel for molecules:
Acts as a channel for larger molecules eg glucose

Identity Marker:
Acts as an Identity marker - helps white blood cells to recognise our own cells

Receptor Site:
Acts as a Receptor site for hormones.

Question 28

By what method of transport would a large molecule of Glucose leave a cell via a Transmembrane Protein

Answer 28

Facilitated Diffusion - No ATP required.

Question 29

Describe a unique feature of Connective tissue

Answer 29

Cells not tightly packed together

Question 30

What cell contributes to the formation of connective tissue?

Answer 30

Fibroblast

Question 31

Name 2 types of connective tissue

Answer 31

Blood and Bone

Question 32

Name 3 minerals found in Bone

Answer 32

Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus