Cells Tissue Genetics Flashcards
What is a cell membrane made from (layers) and name both layers
Phospholipid BiLayer -
Phosphate Heads -Hydrophillic
Lipid Tails - Hydrophobic
Name the watery substance inside a cell
Cytosol
What comprises the whole cell inside the membrane
Nucleus plus organeels
What can be found inside the nucleus
DNA - a condensed form of genetic material
What do Ribosomes produce
Proteins
Where can Ribosomes be found in a cell
Rough ER or inside floating/loose
Ribosomes on Rough ER produce protein for where?
Outside of cell use
Ribosomes inside cell but not on Rough ER produce protein for?
Use inside of cell
What is the function of the smooth ER
Synthesis lipids
What is the function of Mitochondria
Important for cardiovascular and muscular system ATP production
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are Lysosomes and what are their function?
Balls of enzymes - breaks down organelles which have reached end of life
Explain what happens in the Golgi Apparatus
Proteins from the Rough ER are sent there for modification and repackaging to export outside of cell
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Helps to keep the cell up and from collapsing. it is the scaffolding of the cell.
Name the subsection of a genetic sequence on DNA
Gene
How many Genes are present on one strand of DNA
20.000
What is a gene made from
Amino Acids
Name the amino acids which can be found in a gene and which go with which always
Adenine/Cytosine
Guanine/Thymine
RNA takes a single copy of the gene which is known as?
mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid)
The process of copying a Gene is called
Transcription
What happens to the mRNA after Transcription and what is that process called?
It leaves the nucleus and gives the copy to the Ribosome on the Rough ER to synthesize the protein- it is called Translation
What happens to the protein on the Rough ER after Translation
It goes to the Golgi Apparatus for sorting and packaging (reconfiguration) to be sent outside of the cell.
What is a Mutation
where part of the genetic sequence is changed
What is the name for lots of cells joined together
Tissue
Name a feature of Epithelial tissue
Cells packed tightly together
Name 2 things which can be found in a cell membrane.
Transmembrane proteins
Phospholipids
Name 3 functions of Transmembrane proteins
Channel for molecules:
Acts as a channel for larger molecules eg glucose
Identity Marker:
Acts as an Identity marker - helps white blood cells to recognise our own cells
Receptor Site:
Acts as a Receptor site for hormones.
By what method of transport would a large molecule of Glucose leave a cell via a Transmembrane Protein
Facilitated Diffusion - No ATP required.
Describe a unique feature of Connective tissue
Cells not tightly packed together
What cell contributes to the formation of connective tissue?
Fibroblast
Name 2 types of connective tissue
Blood and Bone
Name 3 minerals found in Bone
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
