Skeletal system

Question 1

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Bones
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments

Question 2

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

Support 
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell production

Question 3

What are the shapes of bone anatomy?

Answer 3

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Sutural bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones

Question 4

What are the four types of bone cells?

Answer 4

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 5

Function of Osteoprogenitor cell

Answer 5

cells that divide and multiply to develop into osteoblasts

Question 6

Function of osteoblasts

Answer 6

Responsible for osteogenesis

Secretes organic bone matrix and collagen

Question 7

Function of Osteocytes

Answer 7

Maintain bone matrix and monitor need for bone remodelling.

Question 8

Function of Osteoclasts

Answer 8

Bone dissolving cells.

Release calcium.

Question 9

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 9

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Question 10

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Answer 10

Compact bone:

• hard (dense)
• highly organized
• Wrapped around blood vessels

Spongy bone:

• Light
• Inside bones
• Filled with bone marrow

Question 11

What passes through the centre of every osteon?

Answer 11

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

Function of Canaliculi

Answer 12

To allow osteocytes to communicate w/ each other across its layers.

Question 13

What is a concentric lamellae?

Answer 13

The circular layers of osteocytes that make up an osteon

Question 14

What is a circumferential lamellae?

Answer 14

Layers of osteocytes that surround the bunch of osteons, creating a perimeter.

Question 15

What are the interstitial lamellae?

Answer 15

The layers of osteocytes between the osteons.

Question 16

What is a perforating canal?

Answer 16

Canals that extend horizontally from the central canal, allows to blood vessels and nerves to pass through the compact bone to the spongy bone/outside of the bone.

Question 17

What is a trabeculae?

Answer 17

Plates of connective tissue (dense CT) that forms spongy bone

Question 18

What are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 18

Epiphysis (ends of long bones)
Diaphsis 
Epiphyseal line
Periosteum
Endosteum
Articular cartilages
Marrow cavity

Question 19

Epiphysis

Answer 19

Ends of long bones

Question 20

Diaphsis

Answer 20

Mid section of bones

transfers stress from one epiphyseal line to the other

Question 21

Epiphyseal line

Answer 21

between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 22

Articular cartilage

Answer 22

Cartilage on the surface of epiphysis. Absorbs stress between two ARTICULATING BONES.

Question 23

Marrow Cavity

Answer 23

Cavity w/in long bones that hold most bone marrow (aka yellow marrow)

Question 24

Periosteum

Answer 24

External surface of the bone, no tendons/ligaments, attachment for circulatory and nervous systems, bone growth and repair.

Question 25

Endosteum

Answer 25

Inner surface of bone (covers trabeculae of spongy bone) active during bone growth and repair

Question 26

Yellow marrow

Answer 26

F: Energy storage
S: consists of adipocytes

Question 27

Ossification

Answer 27

Formation of bone tissue

Question 28

What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum

Answer 28

Outer fibrous layer (dense irregular CT)

Inner osteogenic layer (osteoprogenitor cells)

Question 29

Interstitial growth

Answer 29

Increases length of growing bone

Question 30

Appositional growth

Answer 30

Increases width of growing bones

Question 31

Osteoporosis

Answer 31

A bone disease resulting in decrease of bone tissue

Osteoclasts very active

Question 32

Compare interstitial growth and appositional growth

Answer 32

Interstitial growth produces longer bones as the cartilage lengthens and is replace by bone tissue.
Appositional growth is bone thickening, when bone is deposition on the surface of the bone.