Skeletal system Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system?
Bones
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support Protection Movement Storage Blood cell production
What are the shapes of bone anatomy?
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Sutural bones Sesamoid bones Irregular bones
What are the four types of bone cells?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Function of Osteoprogenitor cell
cells that divide and multiply to develop into osteoblasts
Function of osteoblasts
Responsible for osteogenesis
Secretes organic bone matrix and collagen
Function of Osteocytes
Maintain bone matrix and monitor need for bone remodelling.
Function of Osteoclasts
Bone dissolving cells.
Release calcium.
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact bone
Spongy bone
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone:
- hard (dense)
- highly organized
- Wrapped around blood vessels
Spongy bone:
- Light
- Inside bones
- Filled with bone marrow
What passes through the centre of every osteon?
Blood vessels and nerves
Function of Canaliculi
To allow osteocytes to communicate w/ each other across its layers.
What is a concentric lamellae?
The circular layers of osteocytes that make up an osteon
What is a circumferential lamellae?
Layers of osteocytes that surround the bunch of osteons, creating a perimeter.
What are the interstitial lamellae?
The layers of osteocytes between the osteons.
What is a perforating canal?
Canals that extend horizontally from the central canal, allows to blood vessels and nerves to pass through the compact bone to the spongy bone/outside of the bone.
What is a trabeculae?
Plates of connective tissue (dense CT) that forms spongy bone
What are the parts of a long bone?
Epiphysis (ends of long bones) Diaphsis Epiphyseal line Periosteum Endosteum Articular cartilages Marrow cavity
Epiphysis
Ends of long bones
Diaphsis
Mid section of bones
transfers stress from one epiphyseal line to the other
Epiphyseal line
between epiphysis and diaphysis
Articular cartilage
Cartilage on the surface of epiphysis. Absorbs stress between two ARTICULATING BONES.
Marrow Cavity
Cavity w/in long bones that hold most bone marrow (aka yellow marrow)
Periosteum
External surface of the bone, no tendons/ligaments, attachment for circulatory and nervous systems, bone growth and repair.
Endosteum
Inner surface of bone (covers trabeculae of spongy bone) active during bone growth and repair
Yellow marrow
F: Energy storage
S: consists of adipocytes
Ossification
Formation of bone tissue
What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum
Outer fibrous layer (dense irregular CT)
Inner osteogenic layer (osteoprogenitor cells)
Interstitial growth
Increases length of growing bone
Appositional growth
Increases width of growing bones
Osteoporosis
A bone disease resulting in decrease of bone tissue
Osteoclasts very active
Compare interstitial growth and appositional growth
Interstitial growth produces longer bones as the cartilage lengthens and is replace by bone tissue.
Appositional growth is bone thickening, when bone is deposition on the surface of the bone.
