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Bio 150 > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we need food?

A

We need food so that we can produce glucose. A component that is very important for cellular respiration and for the creation of energy.

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2
Q

What is the process of digestion?

A 
Ingestion
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Excretion
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3
Q

What is the GENERAL histology of the digestive tract?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa OR adventitia
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4
Q

What determines if an organ has Serosa or Adventitia?

A

If the organ is found in the PERITONEAL CAVITY the lining is SEROSA
If the organ is not in a true serous body cavity the lining is ADVENTITIA.

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5
Q

What is the general anatomy of the oral cavity?

A 
Oral mucosa
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue, teeth
Salivary glands
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6
Q

What are the general functions of the oral cavity?

A

Sensory analysis
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Lubrication

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7
Q

General anatomy of the tongue?

A

Superior side: lingual papillae

Inferior side: Frenulum (tongue web)

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8
Q

General functions of the tongue?

A

Mechanical digestion
Manipulation
Sensory analysis
Secretion of mucin and lingual lipase

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland

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10
Q

Function of salivary gland?

A

Break down carbohydrates w/ enzymes
Flushing out bacteria
Lubrication

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11
Q

What is a baby tooth called?

A

Deciduous teeth

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12
Q

What are the different types of teeth?

A

Incisors
Cuspids
Bicuspids
Molars

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13
Q

Function of the teeth

A

Mastication

Breaking tough connective tissue of meat and plant fibers

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14
Q

What are the parts of a tooth?

A 
Enamel
Dentin
Cement
Pulp
Root canal
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15
Q

What is the scientific word for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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16
Q

What are the phases of Deglutition?

A

Buccal phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase
Final phase

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17
Q

What happens during the Buccal phase of Deglutition?

A

Chewed food is called bolus
Bolus is pushed against hard palate by tongue
Soft palate lifts up blocking nasal cavity

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18
Q

What happens during the Pharyngeal phase of Deglutition?

A

Epiglottis folds down over larynx
Bolus moves posteriorly toward esophagus
Momentary stop in breathing

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19
Q

What happens during the Esophageal phase of Deglutition?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter opens

Peristaltic waves moves bolus down towards stomach

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20
Q

What happens during the final phase of Deglutition?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter opens

Bolus enters stomach

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21
Q

What is the histology of the Esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium w/ large folds

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22
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardiac
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

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23
Q

Where does the pyloric sphincter lead to?

A

The small intestines

24
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Store ingested food
Mechanically digest food
Chemically digest food to create chyme.

25
Q

What is the histology of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium
Rugae
Gasteric pits

26
Q

What is rugae?

A

circular folds in the stomach

27
Q

What is the function of gastric pits?

A

Secrete acids

Secrete mucous into the lumen

28
Q

What kind of gland is a gastric gland?

A

Simple branched tubular gland

29
Q

What do gastric glands secrete?

A

Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Cheif cells
G cells

30
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

31
Q

Absorption happens in what region of the small intestine?

A

Jejunum

32
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Final chemical digestion

90% of nutrient absorption

33
Q

What is special about the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

It has permanent circular folds that increase surface area

34
Q

What is the histology of the small intestine?

A

Permanent circular folds
Simple columnar epithelium line intestinal villi
Microvilli found at apical surface of epithelial cells
Goblet cells secrete mucin
Lamina propria contains capillaries, nerves and lacteals

35
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Large intestine?

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

36
Q

What are the 4 regions of the colon?

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

37
Q

What is a houstra?

A

“pouches” in the colon

38
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption
House bacteria
Fecal storage before elimination

39
Q

How does food pass through the stomach to the rectum?

A

The PYLORIC SPHINTER of the STOMACH leads to the SMALL INTESTINE.
The ILIUM of the SMALL INTESTINE leads to the LARGE INTESTINE.
The SIGMOID COLON leads to the RECTUM

40
Q

Histology of colon

A 
No intestinal villi
More goblet cells than small intestine
Deeper intestinal glands
Large lymph nodules
Has bands called teniae coli
41
Q

General anatomy of the Rectum

A

Last 15cm of large intestine
Temp. stores feces
Last portion is the anal canal, that leads to the anus
KERATINIZED STRAITIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM to prevent rectum/anus from abrasion

42
Q

What are the two circular muscle rings in the rectum?

A

Internal anal sphincter

External anal sphincter

43
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

44
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produce bile to break down fat

45
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

Right and left lobe (frontal)

Caudate lobe and quadrate lobe (posterior)

46
Q

What is the right and left lobe of the liver separated by?

A

Falciform ligament

47
Q

What is a hepatocye?

A

Liver cell

48
Q

What does the “portal triad” consist of?

A 
Hepatic artery ( into)
Hepatic vein (into)
Bile duct. (out)
49
Q

What is the pathway of bile?

A

Produced by hepatocyes, leaves via bile canaliculi
Bile ducts
Left and right hepatic ducts
Left and right common hepatic duct

50
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Directly below the stomach

51
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the pancreas?

A

Head
Body
Tail

52
Q

What is the major DIGESTIVE function of the pancreas?

A

Produce enzymes that break down chime into absorbed nutrients
Secretes buffer to raise PH to active/deactivate enzymes

53
Q

What are the 5 “mesentery organs”

A 
Lesser omentum
Greater omentum
Mesentery proper 
Mesocolon
Falciform ligament
54
Q

Location of the lesser omentum?

A

Between stomach and liver

55
Q

Location of the greater omentum?

A

below stomach

56
Q

What does the mesentery proper suspend?

A

Small intestine

57
Q

Where is the falciform ligament between?

A

the liver and the diagram

Bio 150 (6 decks)

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