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BTEC National Sport > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Anterior

A

To the front or in front

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2
Q

Posterior

A

To the rear or behind

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3
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline, an imaginary line down the centre of the body

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4
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline or axis

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Near to the origin

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6
Q

Distal

A

Away from the origin

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7
Q

Superior

A

Above

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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9
Q

Long bones

A

Found in the limbs

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10
Q

Short bones

A

Small, light and strong

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11
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flattened and slightly curved

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12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Have complex shapes that fit none of the categories above

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13
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Have a specialised function and are usually found within a tendon

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14
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The main core or axis of your skeleton

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15
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the bones attatched to your axial skeleton

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16
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

The seven vertebrae of the neck

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17
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

The 12 vertebrae of the mid-spine. They lie in the thorax

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18
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

The five largest of the moveable vertebrae, situated in the lower back

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19
Q

Sacral vertebrae

A

The five sacral vertebrae are fused together to form the sacrum. A triangular bone located below the lumbar vertebrae

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20
Q

Coccygeal vertebrae

A

At the bottom of the vertebral column there are four coccygeal vertebrae, which are fused together to form the coccyx or tail bone

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21
Q

Kyphosis

A

The excessive outward curve of the thoracic region of the spine

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22
Q

Ossification

A

The process in which bones are formed

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23
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Where unnecessary calcium is removed

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24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

The cells that bring calcium to your bones

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25
Q

Epiphyseal plates

A

Plates which allow the bone to grow longer

26
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Once a long bone is fully formed the end of the bone fuses with the main shaft to create the epiphyseal line

27
Q

Function of a long bone

A

Movement, support, blood cell production

28
Q

Function of a short bone

A

Fine or small movements; shock absorption, stability, weight bearing

29
Q

Function of a flat bone

A

Attachment for muscles; protection

30
Q

Function of a sesamoid bone

A

Protection; reduction of friction across a joint

31
Q

Function of an irregular bone

A

Protection (spinal cord); movement

32
Q

Articulation

A

Where two or more bones meet to allow movement to occur

33
Q

Fixed Joints, or fibrous or immovable joints

A
  • bones overlap during childhood
  • joints do not move
  • example= between bone plates in cranium
34
Q

Slightly moveable joints or cartilaginous joints

A
  • allow slight movement
  • ends of bone covered in shiny covering known as articular
  • for example between most vertebrae
35
Q

Synovial joints or freely movable joints

A
  • High level of mobility
  • consists of two or more bones
  • all synovial joints consist of a joint capsule, a bursa, articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments
36
Q

Joint capsule or fibrous capsule

A

An outer sleeve to help to hold the bones in place and protect the joint. This capsule will also contain the main structure of the synovial joint

37
Q

A bursa

A

A small fluid- filled sac which provides a cushion between the tendons and the bones, preventing friction. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid

38
Q

Articular cartilage in the ends of bones

A

Provides a smooth and slippery covering to stop the bones rubbing or grinding together

39
Q

A synovial membrane

A

The capsule lining that releases synovial fluid

40
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A thick liquid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction between bones

41
Q

Ligaments

A

Hold the bones together and keep them in place

42
Q

Hinge joint

A

Allow movement in one direction only

43
Q

Ball and socket

A

The round end of one bone fits into a cup- shaped socket in the other bone, allowing movement in all directions

44
Q

Condyloid joint

A
  • Also known as ellipsoidal joints. Similar to ball and socket joints.
  • Example= while dribbling in basketball, with the wrist being used to create this action
45
Q

Gliding joint

A

Allow movement over a flat surface in all directions, but this movement is restricted by ligaments or a bony prominence. This can be seen in a netball jump with the foot pointing downwards

46
Q

Pivot Joint

A

A circular bone fits over a peg of another bone, allowing controlled rotational movement. When you turn your head in sport

47
Q

Saddle Joint

A

These are similar to condyloid joints but the surfaces are concave and convex. You would use a saddle joint when gripping a racket in tennis or squash

48
Q

Flexion

A

Reducing the angle between the bones of a limb at a joint

49
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a limb to increase the angle at the joint

50
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

An upward movement, pulling the toes towards the knee in walking

51
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

A movement that points the toes downwards by straightening the ankle. This occurs when jumping to shoot in netball

52
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

The movement of bending sideways, for example at the waist

53
Q

Horizontal Flexion and horizontal extension

A

Bending the elbow (Flexion) while the arm is in front of your body; straightening the arm at the elbow is extension

54
Q

Hyper-extension

A

Involves movement beyond the normal anatomical position in a direction opposite to Flexion. This occurs at the spine when a cricketer arches their back when approaching the crease to bowl

55
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the body’s vertical midline, such as the hip in a side-step in gymnastics

56
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the body’s vertical midline, such as pulling on the oars while rowing

57
Q

Horizontal abduction and adduction

A

This is the movement of bringing your arm across your body (Flexion) and then back again (extension)

58
Q

Circumduction

A

This is a circular movement that results in a conical action

59
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement of a limb. Rotation occurs at the shoulder joint during a tennis serve

60
Q

Additional factors affecting the skeletal system

A

1) Arthritis
2) Osteoporosis
3) Age

BTEC National Sport (5 decks)

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