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BTEC National Sport > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal, striated or striped muscle

A
  • Voluntary meaning it is under conscious control
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2
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • only found in the wall of your heart

- involuntary, which means it is not under conscious control

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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • An involuntary muscle that works without conscious thought
  • Located in the walls of your digestive system and blood vessels
  • Helps to regulate digestion and blood pressure
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4
Q

Triceps

A

Outside upper arm

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5
Q

Deltoids

A

Forms cap of shoulder

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6
Q

Pectorals

A

Large chest muscle

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7
Q

Biceps

A

Front of upper arm

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8
Q

Wrist flexors

A

Front of forearm

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9
Q

Wrist extensors

A

Back of forearm

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10
Q

Supinators

A

Top and rear of forearm

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11
Q

Probs tor’s

A

Top and front of forearm

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12
Q

Abdominals

A

‘Six-pack’ muscle running down abdomen

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13
Q

Hip flexors

A

Lumbar region of spine to top of thigh (femur)

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14
Q

Quadriceps

  • recurs demotic
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
A

Front of thigh

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15
Q

Hamstrings

  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • biceps femoris
A

Back of thigh

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Large calf muscle

17
Q

Soleus

A

Back of lower leg

18
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Front of tibia on lower leg

19
Q

Erector spinae

A

Long muscle running either side of spine

20
Q

Teres major

A

Between scapula and humerus

21
Q

Trapezius

A

Large triangular muscle at the top of back

22
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Large muscle covering back of lower ribs

23
Q

Obliques

A

Waist

24
Q

Gluteals

A

Large muscle on buttocks

25
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs (Origin, Insertion)

A

Origin- the fixed end of the muscle that remains stationary

Insertion- the end of the muscle that moves. The insertion normally crosses over a joint to allow movement when the muscle shortens.

26
Q

Isometric

A

The length of the muscle does not change and the joint angle does not alter

27
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle will shorten as the muscle fibres contract during a bicep curl

28
Q

Eccentric

A

When a muscle returns to its normal length after shortening against resistance

29
Q

Type 1 fibres

A
  • (Slow twitch) fibres contract slowly and with less force

- Slow to fatigue and suited to longer-duration aerobic activities

30
Q

Type lla fibres

A
  • (Also called fast-twitch it fast-oxidative fibres) are fast-contracting, Abel to produce a great force, and are also resistant to fatigue
  • Less reliant on oxygen for energy
31
Q

Type llx

A
  • (Also called fast-twitch it fast glycolysis fibres) contract rapidly and have the captivity to produce large amounts of force, but fatigue more rapidly, making them better suited to anaerobic activity
32
Q

All or none law

A

For a muscle to contract it must receive a nerve impulse, and this stimulus must be sufficient to activate at least one motor unit which contains the motor neuron and the attached muscle fibres. Once activated, ALL the muscles fibres within the motor unit will contract and produce a muscle twitch.

33
Q

Responses of the muscular system to a single sport or exercise session

A
  • Increased blood supply
  • Increased muscle temperature
  • Increased muscle pliability
  • Lactate (high intensity exercise)
  • Micro tears (resistance exercise)
  • Delayed onset of muscle soreness
34
Q

Adaptations of the muscular system to exercise

A
  • Hypertophy
  • Increased tendon strength
  • Increase in number and size of mitochondria
  • Increase in myoglobin stores
  • Increase in storage of glycogen
  • Increase in storage of fat
  • Increased tolerance to lactate
35
Q

Additional factors affecting the muscular system

A

Age- as you get older your muscle mass will decrease. Muscles become smaller, resulting in a decrease in muscle strength and power
Cramp- the sudden involuntary contraction of your muscle

BTEC National Sport (5 decks)

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