Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal, striated or striped muscle
- Voluntary meaning it is under conscious control
Cardiac muscle
- only found in the wall of your heart
- involuntary, which means it is not under conscious control
Smooth muscle
- An involuntary muscle that works without conscious thought
- Located in the walls of your digestive system and blood vessels
- Helps to regulate digestion and blood pressure
Triceps
Outside upper arm
Deltoids
Forms cap of shoulder
Pectorals
Large chest muscle
Biceps
Front of upper arm
Wrist flexors
Front of forearm
Wrist extensors
Back of forearm
Supinators
Top and rear of forearm
Probs tor’s
Top and front of forearm
Abdominals
‘Six-pack’ muscle running down abdomen
Hip flexors
Lumbar region of spine to top of thigh (femur)
Quadriceps
- recurs demotic
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Front of thigh
Hamstrings
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- biceps femoris
Back of thigh
Gastrocnemius
Large calf muscle
Soleus
Back of lower leg
Tibialis anterior
Front of tibia on lower leg
Erector spinae
Long muscle running either side of spine
Teres major
Between scapula and humerus
Trapezius
Large triangular muscle at the top of back
Latissimus dorsi
Large muscle covering back of lower ribs
Obliques
Waist
Gluteals
Large muscle on buttocks
Antagonistic muscle pairs (Origin, Insertion)
Origin- the fixed end of the muscle that remains stationary
Insertion- the end of the muscle that moves. The insertion normally crosses over a joint to allow movement when the muscle shortens.
Isometric
The length of the muscle does not change and the joint angle does not alter
Concentric
Muscle will shorten as the muscle fibres contract during a bicep curl
Eccentric
When a muscle returns to its normal length after shortening against resistance
Type 1 fibres
- (Slow twitch) fibres contract slowly and with less force
- Slow to fatigue and suited to longer-duration aerobic activities
Type lla fibres
- (Also called fast-twitch it fast-oxidative fibres) are fast-contracting, Abel to produce a great force, and are also resistant to fatigue
- Less reliant on oxygen for energy
Type llx
- (Also called fast-twitch it fast glycolysis fibres) contract rapidly and have the captivity to produce large amounts of force, but fatigue more rapidly, making them better suited to anaerobic activity
All or none law
For a muscle to contract it must receive a nerve impulse, and this stimulus must be sufficient to activate at least one motor unit which contains the motor neuron and the attached muscle fibres. Once activated, ALL the muscles fibres within the motor unit will contract and produce a muscle twitch.
Responses of the muscular system to a single sport or exercise session
- Increased blood supply
- Increased muscle temperature
- Increased muscle pliability
- Lactate (high intensity exercise)
- Micro tears (resistance exercise)
- Delayed onset of muscle soreness
Adaptations of the muscular system to exercise
- Hypertophy
- Increased tendon strength
- Increase in number and size of mitochondria
- Increase in myoglobin stores
- Increase in storage of glycogen
- Increase in storage of fat
- Increased tolerance to lactate
Additional factors affecting the muscular system
Age- as you get older your muscle mass will decrease. Muscles become smaller, resulting in a decrease in muscle strength and power
Cramp- the sudden involuntary contraction of your muscle