skeletal system

Question 1

main functions of the skeleton:

support/shape

Answer 1

the skeleton has a rigid bone frame
our shape is mainly due to our skeleton
the skeleton supports the soft tissues like skin and muscle
helps you have a good posture (performance in gymnastics)

Question 2

main functions of the skeleton:

protection

Answer 2

bones are very tough.
protect vital organs like brain, heart and lungs.
allows you to perform well without fear of serious injury.
(head a football without injury to the brain)

Question 3

main functions of the skeleton:

movement

Answer 3

muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
muscles can move bones at joints.
essential for good performance in sport.
different types of movement.

Question 4

main functions of the skeleton:

making blood cells

Answer 4

some bones contain blood marrow.
this makes the components of blood - platelets and red and white blood cells.
red blood cells transport the oxygen that the muscles need to move.
athletes with more red blood cells perform better.
this is because more oxygen can get delivered to their muscles

Question 5

main functions of the skeleton:

mineral storage

Answer 5

bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
these gel with bone strength.
meaning you are less likely to break bones.
they are also needs for muscle contraction (so the body can move)

Question 6

different types of bones:

long bones

Answer 6

long bones (humerus in the arm) are strong and used by muscles to assist movement

Question 7

different types of bones:

short bones

Answer 7

short bones (tarsals in the foot) support the weight of the body, they’re weight bearing

Question 8

different types of bones:

irregular bones

Answer 8

irregular bones (vertebrae of the spine) are suited to protection and muscle attachment

Question 9

different types of bones:

flat bones

Answer 9

flat bones (the ribs) protect internal organs.
their broad surface also allows muscle attachment.

Question 10

cranium

Answer 10

skull

flat bone

protects the brain

Question 11

sternum and ribs

Answer 11

breast bone/ribs

flat bone

protect the heart and lungs, the ribs protect the kidneys

Question 12

scapula

Answer 12

shoulder blade

flat bone

protects the shoulder joint helping arm and shoulder movement

Question 13

pelvis

Answer 13

flat bone

protects the reproductive organs and the bladder

also has many muscles attached to it helping leg movement

Question 14

carpals

Answer 14

wrist

short bone

form the wrist and give it stability allowing free movement of the hand

Question 15

tarsals

Answer 15

ankle

short bone

bear the body’s weight when on foot (standing and running)

Question 16

patella

Answer 16

kneecap

sesamoid bone

protects the tendon that crosses the knee joint by stopping it rubbing against the femur

Question 17

clavicle

Answer 17

collarbone

long bone

forms part of the shoulder joint to assist arm movement

Question 18

humerus

Answer 18

upper arm

long bone

used by muscles to move the whole arm

Question 19

ulna and radius

Answer 19

lower arm (ulna, under. radius, over)

long bone

used by muscles to move the lower arm

Question 20

femur

Answer 20

thigh

long bone

used by muscles to move the whole leg

Question 21

fibula/tibia

Answer 21

lower leg (fibula, front. tibia behind)

long bone

used by muscles to move the lower leg

Question 22

metacarpals

Answer 22

middle of hand

long bone

used by muscles to allow the hand to grip

Question 23

phalanges

Answer 23

fingers/toes

long bone

used by muscles to move and bend the fingers and toes

Question 24

metatarsals

Answer 24

middle of foot

long bone

used by muscles to move the foot

Question 25

structure of the vertebral column c theory lessons suck c

Answer 25

``` cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx ```

Question 26

joints hip

Answer 26

articulating bones: pelvis and femur

Question 27

joints shoulder

Answer 27

articulating bones: humerus and scapula

Question 28

joints knee

Answer 28

articulating bones: femur and tibia

Question 29

joints ankle

Answer 29

articulating bones: tibia fibula and tarsals

Question 30

joints elbow

Answer 30

articulating bones: humerus radius and ulna

Question 31

flexion

Answer 31

closing a joint wrist movement during a basketball throw

Question 32

extension

Answer 32

opening a joint kicking a football

Question 33

adduction

Answer 33

moving towards an imaginary centre line swinging a golf club

Question 34

abduction

Answer 34

moving away from an imaginary centre line taking back a tennis racket before swinging it

Question 35

rotation

Answer 35

clockwise or anti-clockwise movement the leg movement during a turnout in ballet

Question 36

circumduction

Answer 36

movement of a limb hand or foot in a circular motion to bowl a cricket ball

Question 37

joint types ball and socket

Answer 37

e.g., hip and shoulder ``` flexion extension adduction abduction rotation circumduction ```

Question 38

joint types hinge

Answer 38

e.g., knee, ankle, elbow flexion extension

Question 39

joint types condyloid

Answer 39

e.g., wrist ``` flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction ```

Question 40

joint types pivot

Answer 40

e.g., neck rotation

Question 41

connective tissues ligaments

Answer 41

hold bones together maintains stability of the skeleton absorb shock (protects) tough and fibrous tissue

Question 42

connective tissues tendons

Answer 42

muscle to bone | allows bones to move when muscles contract

Question 43

connective tissues cartilage

Answer 43

acts as a cushion between bones | prevents damage during joint movement

Question 44

key words joint

Answer 44

a joint is a place where two or more bones meet

Question 45

key words synovial joint

Answer 45

an area where two or more bones meet within a joint capsule and allows a wide range of movement

Question 46

key words articulating bones

Answer 46

bones that move relative to each other at a joint

Question 47

key words ligament

Answer 47

bone to bone

Question 48

key words tendons

Answer 48

muscle to bone