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skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

main functions of the skeleton:

support/shape

A

the skeleton has a rigid bone frame
our shape is mainly due to our skeleton
the skeleton supports the soft tissues like skin and muscle
helps you have a good posture (performance in gymnastics)

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2
Q

main functions of the skeleton:

protection

A

bones are very tough.
protect vital organs like brain, heart and lungs.
allows you to perform well without fear of serious injury.
(head a football without injury to the brain)

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3
Q

main functions of the skeleton:

movement

A

muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
muscles can move bones at joints.
essential for good performance in sport.
different types of movement.

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4
Q

main functions of the skeleton:

making blood cells

A

some bones contain blood marrow.
this makes the components of blood - platelets and red and white blood cells.
red blood cells transport the oxygen that the muscles need to move.
athletes with more red blood cells perform better.
this is because more oxygen can get delivered to their muscles

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5
Q

main functions of the skeleton:

mineral storage

A

bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
these gel with bone strength.
meaning you are less likely to break bones.
they are also needs for muscle contraction (so the body can move)

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6
Q

different types of bones:

long bones

A

long bones (humerus in the arm) are strong and used by muscles to assist movement

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7
Q

different types of bones:

short bones

A

short bones (tarsals in the foot) support the weight of the body, they’re weight bearing

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8
Q

different types of bones:

irregular bones

A

irregular bones (vertebrae of the spine) are suited to protection and muscle attachment

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9
Q

different types of bones:

flat bones

A 
flat bones (the ribs) protect internal organs.
their broad surface also allows muscle attachment.
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10
Q

cranium

A

skull

flat bone

protects the brain

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11
Q

sternum and ribs

A

breast bone/ribs

flat bone

protect the heart and lungs, the ribs protect the kidneys

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12
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

flat bone

protects the shoulder joint helping arm and shoulder movement

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13
Q

pelvis

A

flat bone

protects the reproductive organs and the bladder

also has many muscles attached to it helping leg movement

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14
Q

carpals

A

wrist

short bone

form the wrist and give it stability allowing free movement of the hand

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15
Q

tarsals

A

ankle

short bone

bear the body’s weight when on foot (standing and running)

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16
Q

patella

A

kneecap

sesamoid bone

protects the tendon that crosses the knee joint by stopping it rubbing against the femur

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17
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

long bone

forms part of the shoulder joint to assist arm movement

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18
Q

humerus

A

upper arm

long bone

used by muscles to move the whole arm

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19
Q

ulna and radius

A

lower arm (ulna, under. radius, over)

long bone

used by muscles to move the lower arm

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20
Q

femur

A

thigh

long bone

used by muscles to move the whole leg

21
Q

fibula/tibia

A

lower leg (fibula, front. tibia behind)

long bone

used by muscles to move the lower leg

22
Q

metacarpals

A

middle of hand

long bone

used by muscles to allow the hand to grip

23
Q

phalanges

A

fingers/toes

long bone

used by muscles to move and bend the fingers and toes

24
Q

metatarsals

A

middle of foot

long bone

used by muscles to move the foot

25
Q

structure of the vertebral column

c theory lessons suck c

A 
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
26
Q

joints

hip

A

articulating bones: pelvis and femur

27
Q

joints

shoulder

A

articulating bones: humerus and scapula

28
Q

joints

knee

A

articulating bones: femur and tibia

29
Q

joints

ankle

A

articulating bones: tibia fibula and tarsals

30
Q

joints

elbow

A

articulating bones: humerus radius and ulna

31
Q

flexion

A

closing a joint

wrist movement during a basketball throw

32
Q

extension

A

opening a joint

kicking a football

33
Q

adduction

A

moving towards an imaginary centre line

swinging a golf club

34
Q

abduction

A

moving away from an imaginary centre line

taking back a tennis racket before swinging it

35
Q

rotation

A

clockwise or anti-clockwise movement

the leg movement during a turnout in ballet

36
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb hand or foot in a circular motion

to bowl a cricket ball

37
Q

joint types

ball and socket

A

e.g., hip and shoulder

flexion
extension 
adduction
abduction 
rotation
circumduction
38
Q

joint types

hinge

A

e.g., knee, ankle, elbow

flexion
extension

39
Q

joint types

condyloid

A

e.g., wrist

flexion 
extension 
adduction 
abduction 
circumduction
40
Q

joint types

pivot

A

e.g., neck

rotation

41
Q

connective tissues

ligaments

A

hold bones together
maintains stability of the skeleton
absorb shock (protects)
tough and fibrous tissue

42
Q

connective tissues

tendons

A

muscle to bone

allows bones to move when muscles contract

43
Q

connective tissues

cartilage

A

acts as a cushion between bones

prevents damage during joint movement

44
Q

key words

joint

A

a joint is a place where two or more bones meet

45
Q

key words

synovial joint

A

an area where two or more bones meet within a joint capsule and allows a wide range of movement

46
Q

key words

articulating bones

A

bones that move relative to each other at a joint

47
Q

key words

ligament

A

bone to bone

48
Q

key words

tendons

A

muscle to bone

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