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Anatomy > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoid Action

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation (humerus)

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2
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Stabilizes, elevates, retracts and rotates scapula

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3
Q

Pectorallis Major

Action

A

Flexion, Adduction, Medial Rotation

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4
Q

Pectorallis Minor

Action

A

W/ribs fixed, protracts and rotates scapula downward

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5
Q

Rhomboid major/minor

Action

A

Stabilize scapula

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6
Q

Levator Scapulae

Action

A

Elevates and adducts scapula

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7
Q

Teres Major

Action

A

Extension, adduction, medial rotation (humerus)

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8
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

Action

A

Extension, addiction, medial rotation (humerus)

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9
Q

Teres Minor

Action

A

Abduction, lateral rotation (humerus)

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10
Q

Supraspinatus

Action

A

Abduction (humerus)

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11
Q

Infraspinatus

Action

A

Lateral rotation (humerus)

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12
Q

Subscapularis

Action

A

Medial rotation

Humerus

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13
Q

Biceps Brachii

Action

A

Flexion (humerus) flexion (elbow)

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14
Q

Brachialis

Action

A

Elbow flexion

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15
Q

Triceps Brachii

Action

A

Adduction (humerus) elbow extension

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16
Q

Pronator Teres

Action

A

Elbow flexion

Pronation

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17
Q

Flexor Carpi Radiallis

Action

A

Flexion (wrist)

Abduction (wrist)

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18
Q

Palmaris Longus

Action

A

Flexion (wrist)

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19
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

A

Flexion (wrist) Adduction (wrist)

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20
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Action

A

Flexion (wrist)

Flexion (fingers)

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21
Q

Brachioradiallis

Action

A

Flexion/ elbow

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22
Q

Extensor Carpi Radiallis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radiallis Brevis
Action

A

Extension/ abduction (wrist)

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23
Q

Extensor Digitorum

Action

A

Extension (wrist) extension/abducts (fingers)

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24
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

A

Extension (wrist)

Adduction (wrist)

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25
Q

Gluteus Maximus

Action

A

Extension
Abduction
Lateral rotation
(Hip)

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26
Q

Gluteus Medius

Action

A

Abduction, medical rotation (hip)

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27
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

Action

A 
Flexion 
Abduction 
Medial rotation 
(Hip) 
Extension 
(Knee)
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28
Q

Illiopsoas

Action

A

Flexion (hip)

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29
Q

Sartorius

Action

A

Flexion, abduction, lateral rotation (hip)

Flexion (knee)

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30
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

Action

A

Lateral rotation (hip)

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31
Q

Rectus Femoris

Action

A

Flexion (hip)

Extension (knee)

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32
Q

Vastus Muscles

Action

A

Extension (knee)

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33
Q

Pectineus

Action

A

Flexion, Adduction, medial rotation (hip)

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34
Q

Adductor Longus

Action

A

Flexion, adduction, medial rotation (hip)

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35
Q

Adductor Magnus

Action

A

Extension, Adduction, medial rotation (hip)

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36
Q

Gracillis

Action

A

Adduction, medial rotation (hip) flexion (knee)

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37
Q

Biceps Femoris

Action

A

Extension (hip)

Flexion (knee)

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38
Q

Semimembranosus

Action

A

Extension(hip)

Flexion(knee)

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39
Q

Semitendinosus

Action

A

Extension (hip)

Flexion (knee)

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40
Q

Tibialis Anterior

Action

A

Dorsiflexion, inversion (ankle)

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41
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Action

A

Dorsiflexion (ankle)

Extension (toes)

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42
Q

Fibularis Longus

Action

A

Plantar flexion

Eversion

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43
Q

Fibularis Brevis

Action

A

Plantar flexion

Eversion

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44
Q

Gastrocnemius

Action

A

Plantar flexion (ankle)

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45
Q

Soleus

Action

A

Plantar flexion (ankle)

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46
Q

Buccinator

Action

A

Compresses cheek

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47
Q

Epicranius

Action

A

Pull scalp anteriorly and posteriorly

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48
Q

Mentalis

Action

A

Wrinkles chin

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49
Q

Orbicularis Oris

Action

A

Closes lips

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50
Q

Orbicularis Occuli

Action

A

Closes eye

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51
Q

Platysma

Action

A

Tenses skin of the neck

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52
Q

Zygomaticus

Action

A

Raises lateral corners of mouth

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53
Q

Temporalis

Action

A

Closes jaw- elevation(mandible)

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54
Q

Masseter

Action

A

Closes jaw - elevation (mandible)

55
Q

Splenius Cappitus

Action

A

Extension (head)

56
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Action

A

Flexes and laterally rotates head

57
Q

Digastric

Action

A

Open mouth depress mandible

58
Q

Mylohyoid

Action

A

Elevated hyoid bone and floor of mouth

59
Q

Sternohyoid

Action

A

Depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed

60
Q

Erector Spinae

Action

A

Back extension

61
Q

Illiocostallis

Action

A

Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column

62
Q

Longissimus

Action

A

Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column

63
Q

Diaprhragm

Action

A

Prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction

64
Q

External Intercostals

Action

A

Pull ribs toward one another to elevate ribcage

65
Q

Internal intercostals

Action

A

Draw ribs together and depress rib cage

66
Q

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Action

A

Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion

67
Q

Rectus Abdominus

Action

A

Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

68
Q

Transverse abdominus

Action

A

Compresses abdominal contents

69
Q

Inguinal Ligament

Action

A

Formed by free inferior border of external Oblique aponeurosis

70
Q

Linea Alba

Action

A

White line

71
Q

Tendinous intersections

Action

A

Transverse section through the anterior abdominal wall

72
Q

Deltoid

Origin and Insertion

A

O- lateral third of clavicle; acromiion and spine of scapula
I- deltoid tunerosity of humerus

73
Q

Trapezius

Origin and Insertion

A

O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spines of c7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I- continuous along accromiun and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

74
Q

Pectorallis Major

Origin and Insertion

A

O- sternal end of clavicle, sternum , cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeucrosis of external Oblique muscle
I- fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus

75
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Origin and Insertion

A

O- spinous process of c7 and t1(Minor) spinous processes of t2-t5 (major)
I-medial border of scapulae

76
Q

Levator Scapulae

Origin and Insertion

A

O-transverse processes of c1-c4

I-medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine

77
Q

Teres Major

Origin and Insertion

A

O- posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle

I- crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus, insertion tendon fused with latissimus dorsi

78
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin and Insertion

A

O-indirect attachment via thoracolumbar fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs and illiac crest
I-spirals around teres Major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

79
Q

Serratus Anterior

Origin and Insertion

A

O- by a series of Muscle slips from ribs 1-8

I-entire Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

80
Q

Teres Minor

Origin and Insertion

A

O- lateral border of dorsal scapular surface

I- greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion

81
Q

Supraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

A

O- supraspinous fossa of scapula

I- superior part of greater tubercle of humerus

82
Q

Infraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

A

O- infraspinous fossa of scapula

I- greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus

83
Q

Subscapularis

Origin and Insertion

A

O- subscapular fossa of scapula

I- lesser tubercle of humerus

84
Q

Biceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

A

O- short- coracoid process long- supraglenoid tubercle and and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs within capsule of shoulder joint and into intertubucular sulcus of humerus
I- by common tendon into radial tunerosity

85
Q

Brachialis

Origin and Insertion

A

O- anterior surface of distal humerus ; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I- Coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint

86
Q

Triceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

A

O- long head, infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head posterior shaft of humerus; medial head; posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial groove
I- by common tendon into olecranon of ulna

87
Q

Rectus Femoris

Origin and Insertion

A

O- Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

88
Q

Vastus Lateralis

Origin and Insertion

A

O- greater trochanter, intertrochantic line, line aspera

I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

89
Q

Vastus Intermedius

Origin and Insertion

A

O- Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft

I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

90
Q

Vastus Medialis

Origin and Insertion

A

O- linea aspera, medial Supracondylar line, intertrochantric line
I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

91
Q

Biceps Femoris

Origin and Insertion

A

O-Ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and distal femur (short head)
I- common tendon passes down and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

92
Q

Semitendinosus

Origin and Insertion

A

O- ischial tuberosity

I- medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

93
Q

Semimembranosus

Origin and Insertion

A

O- ischial tuberoscity

I- medial consuls of tibia through Oblique ligament of knee to lateral condyle of femur

94
Q

Tibialis Anterior

Origin and Insertion

A

O- lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane
I- by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone.

95
Q

Gastrocnemius

Origin and Insertion

A

O- by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur

I- posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

96
Q

Temporalis

Origin and Insertion

A

O- temporal fossa

I- coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch

97
Q

Masseter

Origin and Insertion

A

O- zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

I- angle and ramus of the mandible

98
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin and Insertion

A

O- manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle

I- mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

99
Q

Individual muscle cells are called

A

Muscle fibers

100
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundled muscle fibers

Bundled together to make muscles

101
Q

Bundles are surrounded by

A

Connective Tissue

102
Q

Epymisium

A

Outer covering of a muscle

103
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds fascicles

104
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds each muscle

105
Q

Inside each muscle cell there are arrays of proteins called

A

Fibrils

106
Q

Syncital

A

Originates as multiple cells that become united

107
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

108
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell

109
Q

Sarcomere

A

Regularly repeating contractile unit of the cell

110
Q

Actin

A

Thin simple fiber

111
Q

Myosin

A

Thick, bundled together uses ATP and flexes, can bind to actin

112
Q

Origin

A

The attachment side of muscle on the bone that does not move when muscle contracts

113
Q

Insertion

A

The attachment site on the bone that moves

114
Q

Excitation and contraction coupling

A

To stop contraction, we have proteins that block the action/ myosin binding
Calcium inactivates these proteins which then allows contraction
Sarcoplasmic reticulum- stores calcium and can release it on demand
T tubules from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

115
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bound together with a dense Connective Tissue

Types: Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis

116
Q

Suture

A

Joints between plates in the skull– interlocking bones

117
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joints held together by ligament

118
Q

Gomphosis

A

Joint between tooth and jaw

119
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

Types

A

Synchondroses, symphyses,

120
Q

Synchondroses

A

Held together by hyaline cartilage

121
Q

Sympheses

A

Formed by fibrocartilage ( pubic, mandibular, vertebral discs)

122
Q

Synovial joint

A

Lubricated capsule

Types: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, plane

123
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Spherical components, multi axial joints

Ex. Shoulder and hip

124
Q

Hinge joint

A

Uniaxial joint

Ex knee and elbow

125
Q

Pivot joint

A

Uniaxial joint, rotation only, Atlanta axial joint

Ex radius and ulna

126
Q

Condylar joint

A

Biaxial joint, oval shapes ball and socket, not spherical, no rotation
Ex wrist, knuckles base of finger

127
Q

Saddle joints

A

Biaxial, c shaped, gears, no rotation, thumb below base – trapezium

128
Q

Plane joints

A

Non axial, sliding motion only– intercarpal/ intertarsal joints

129
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective Tissue, matrix includes protedgycans ( absorbs H2O, acts as a cushion, smooth bearing surface

130
Q

Cartilage is surrounded by

A

Perichondrium

131
Q

Kinds of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

132
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Glassy look, no protein fibers in the matrix, located in the end of bones, ribs, end of nose, plays a role in bone development, smooth and cushioning

133
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Elastic fibers, flexible and springy

134
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Collagen fibers, tough

Anatomy (4 decks)

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