Basic Histology

Question 1

Epithelium

Answer 1

A sheet of cells that are in direct contact with each other and rests on another tissue with free space (lumen) above it.

Question 2

Simple Squamous Epithelium (structure)

Answer 2

Single layer of flat cells with disc shaped nuclei

Question 3

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (structure)

Answer 3

Singles layer of cube shaped cells with spherical centrally located nuclei.

Question 4

Simple Squamous Epithelium (function)

Answer 4

Small molecules pass through a membrane quickly, by processes of diffusion or filtration. I.e. In the lungs this Epithelium forms the thin walls of the air sacs where has exchange occurs.

Question 5

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (function)

Answer 5

Forms the secretory cells of many glands, the walls of the smallest ducts of glands and the walls of many tubules in the kidney

Question 6

Simple Columnar Epithelium ( structure)

Answer 6

Singles layer of tall cells aligned like soldiers in a row

Question 7

Simple Columnar Epithelium (function)

Answer 7

Functions in the active movement of molecules namely like absorption and and secretion. I.e. Anal canal

Question 8

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (structure)

Answer 8

Many cell layers whose surface layer is Squamous.

Question 9

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (function)

Answer 9

Covers the often abraded surfaces of our body, I.e. the epidermis, mouth, esophagus and vagina.

Question 10

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 10

Many cells with the surface cells being Cuboidal, located in large ducts of some glands i.e. Sweat, mammary, and salivary.

Question 11

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 11

Many cells where the surface layer is Columnar. Found in small amounts in the male urethra.

Question 12

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 12

Lines the inside of hollow urinary organs.
As it stretches it thins from 6-3 and it’s apical cells unform and flatten.
“Balloon”

Question 13

Pseudo stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 13

Cells are different heights, multiple rows, that don’t line up. i.e. Respiratory systems

Question 14

Cilia

Answer 14

Projections of microtubules which wiggle to push fluids

Question 15

Microvilli

Answer 15

Hair- like projections of the plasma membrane which increase the surface area of the apical surface for absorption

Question 16

Keratin

Answer 16

Protein produced in the skin

Question 17

Goblet Cells

Answer 17

found in simple Columnar and pseudosrratified, big puffy cells with a long stem and different color, not covered by cilia

Question 18

Connective Tissues

Answer 18

Bounded on all sides by other tissues
No lumen, no apical surface,
Cells are separated from each other
Space between cells is filled with matrix

Question 19

Matrix

Answer 19

Ground substance( mostly water) gel
Protein fibers

Question 20

3 most common protein fibers with explanation

Answer 20

Elastin- picks up black again on slide
Collagen- flexible but not stretchy
Reticular Fibers- branched

Question 21

Examples of Connective Tissue

Answer 21

Bone
Cartilage 
Blood 
Adipose Tissue 
Tendons
Ligaments

Question 22

Cells of Connective Tissue

Answer 22

Fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Defense Sites
Fat Cells

Question 23

Fibroblasts

Answer 23

Cells that makes fibers

Question 24

Fibrocytes

Answer 24

Fibroblasts not actively secreting

Question 25

Loose Irregular CT | "Arreolar CT"

Answer 25

Multiple fibers/ cells Fibers randomly oriented Loosely packed Can be found in areas where two other Tissue types need to be bound but loosely to still move i.e. Skin/muscles

Question 26

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 26

Packed closer Still no direction of fibers i.e. fibers

Question 27

Dense Regular CT

Answer 27

Packed tight no space All fibers run in one direction i.e. Tendons/ ligaments

Question 28

Adipose Tissue

Answer 28

All cells are in contact with each other Blobby cells filled with oil Nuclei pushed to the edge

Question 29

Elastic CT

Answer 29

Dense regular CT containing a high proportion of elastic fibers. Found on walls of large arteries

Question 30

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 30

``` Rapid voluntary contractions Usually attached to bones Cylindrical Striated Outside peripheral nucleus ```

Question 31

Smooth Muscle

Answer 31

Slow/strong involuntary contraction Blood vessels, viscera Tapered, not striated, central nucleus

Question 32

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 32

``` Rapid, involuntary autorhythmic Heart Striated Branched cylindrical Central nucleus Intercollared discs ```

Question 33

Intercollated disc

Answer 33

Junctions between cells that allow ions to pass from cell to ion Thick band of protein with holes holding cells together and in rhythm Coordinated contraction