Cellular Anatomy

Question 1

Plasma membrane (Structure)

Answer 1

Membrane made of a double layer of lipids within which proteins are embedded; externally facing proteins and some lipids have attached sugar groups

Question 2

Hydrophilic/polar

Answer 2

Attracted to water

Question 3

Hydrophobic/non polar

Answer 3

Not attracted to water

Question 4

Phospholipid

Answer 4

Oil like molecule with charged region, making it attracted to water unlike regular oil.

Question 5

Phospholipid bilateral

Answer 5

Traps water, semi permeable, ions can’t pass through

Question 6

Protein

Answer 6

Chain of amino acids- have machine like properties based on sequence of amino acids (springs, motors, lock and key, enzymes)

Question 7

Fluid mosaic model of the membrane

Answer 7

Spanning proteins are embedded in the membrane

Question 8

Membrane spanning proteins

Answer 8

Chemical receptors

Lock and key + enzyme

Question 9

Ion pores

Answer 9

Allows specific ion to pass through

Question 10

Pumps

Answer 10

Use energy to move things

Question 11

Golgi stacks

Answer 11

Pancake stacks of duvet covers

Packages proteins for use either within or outside of the cell

Question 12

Nucleus (structure)

Answer 12

Surrounded by the nuclear envelope; contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and chromatin

Question 13

Nuclear pores

Answer 13

Let mRNA out

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

Making RNA to DNA

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

Folded sheet of membrane material
Connected to nuclear envelope
2 regions

Question 16

Smooth ER ( structure )

Answer 16

Membranous system of sacs and tubules; no ribosomes

Question 17

Rough ER (structure)

Answer 17

Membrane system of sacs and tubules externally studded with ribosomes

Question 18

Ribosomes (structure and function)

Answer 18

Dense particles consisting of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein; free or attached to rough ER.

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Contain digestive enzymes

Question 20

Peroxisomes

Answer 20

Filled with hydrogen peroxide

Also used for breaking down fats

Question 21

Vesicle

Answer 21

Small bubbles of membrane material

Mostly used for transport

Question 22

Mitochondria (structure)

Answer 22

Rodlike, double membrane structures; inner membrane folded into projections called cristae

Question 23

ATP

Answer 23

Basic unit of energy in a cell

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

Question 24

Transport with vesicles

Answer 24

Endocytosis/ exocytosis

Question 25

Transport through membrane

Answer 25

No vesicles

Question 26

Types of endocytosis

Answer 26

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis

Question 27

Pinocytosis

Answer 27

Inward membrane

Question 28

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

Outward membrane

Question 29

Simple Diffusion

Answer 29

Particles/ ions/ molecules passing through plasma membrane unaided From high concentration to low concentration

Question 30

Osmosis

Answer 30

Diffusion of water

Question 31

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

With channel

Question 32

Active Transport

Answer 32

Use of ATP to pump molecules against concentration gradient (from low to high)

Question 33

Passive transport

Answer 33

No ATP not against gradient

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

Process of cell division in which one cell divides to give 2 genetically identical cells

Question 35

Interphase

Answer 35

The phase of a cells life cycle in which it accumulates resources and copies chromosomes. Scattered, with nucleus

Question 36

Prophase

Answer 36

Chromosomes are condensed, nuclear envelope has broken down *attached to sister chromatids

Question 37

Metaphase

Answer 37

Mytotic spindle causes chromosomes to line up in middle

Question 38

Anaphase

Answer 38

Chromatids separate *pulling from centrioles

Question 39

Telophase

Answer 39

Prophase in reverse Nuclear envelope reforming Chromosomes are condensing

Question 40

Cytokinesis

Answer 40

Where cell is pinching off to make two separate cells

Question 41

Plasma Membrane (Function)

Answer 41

Serves as an external cell barrier; acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell; externally facing proteins act as receptors and in cell to cell recognition.

Question 42

Cytoplasm

Answer 42

Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes; consists of fluid cytosol containing dissolved solutes, inclusions and organelles, the metabolic machinery of the cytoplasm.

Question 43

Centrioles (Structure)

Answer 43

Paired cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules

Question 44

Centrioles (function)

Answer 44

Organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters; form the bases of cilia and flagella

Question 45

Cytoskeleton

Answer 45

Maintain cell shape and structure and transport materials within the cell

Question 46

Smooth ER ( Function)

Answer 46

Site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

Question 47

Rough ER (function)

Answer 47

Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cells membrane

Question 48

Mitochondria (function)

Answer 48

Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell

Question 49

Nucleus (function)

Answer 49

Control center of the cell, responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis

Question 50

Nucleolus (structure)

Answer 50

Dense spherical non membrane bounded body

Question 51

Nucleolus (function)

Answer 51

Site of ribosome subunit manufacture