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Anatomy > Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane (Structure)

A

Membrane made of a double layer of lipids within which proteins are embedded; externally facing proteins and some lipids have attached sugar groups

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2
Q

Hydrophilic/polar

A

Attracted to water

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3
Q

Hydrophobic/non polar

A

Not attracted to water

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4
Q

Phospholipid

A

Oil like molecule with charged region, making it attracted to water unlike regular oil.

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5
Q

Phospholipid bilateral

A

Traps water, semi permeable, ions can’t pass through

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6
Q

Protein

A

Chain of amino acids- have machine like properties based on sequence of amino acids (springs, motors, lock and key, enzymes)

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7
Q

Fluid mosaic model of the membrane

A

Spanning proteins are embedded in the membrane

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8
Q

Membrane spanning proteins

A

Chemical receptors

Lock and key + enzyme

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9
Q

Ion pores

A

Allows specific ion to pass through

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10
Q

Pumps

A

Use energy to move things

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11
Q

Golgi stacks

A

Pancake stacks of duvet covers

Packages proteins for use either within or outside of the cell

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12
Q

Nucleus (structure)

A

Surrounded by the nuclear envelope; contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and chromatin

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13
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Let mRNA out

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14
Q

Transcription

A

Making RNA to DNA

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15
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Folded sheet of membrane material
Connected to nuclear envelope
2 regions

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16
Q

Smooth ER ( structure )

A

Membranous system of sacs and tubules; no ribosomes

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17
Q

Rough ER (structure)

A

Membrane system of sacs and tubules externally studded with ribosomes

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18
Q

Ribosomes (structure and function)

A

Dense particles consisting of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein; free or attached to rough ER.

Sites of protein synthesis

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19
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain digestive enzymes

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20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Filled with hydrogen peroxide

Also used for breaking down fats

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21
Q

Vesicle

A

Small bubbles of membrane material

Mostly used for transport

22
Q

Mitochondria (structure)

A

Rodlike, double membrane structures; inner membrane folded into projections called cristae

23
Q

ATP

A

Basic unit of energy in a cell

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

24
Q

Transport with vesicles

A

Endocytosis/ exocytosis

25
Q

Transport through membrane

A

No vesicles

26
Q

Types of endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis

27
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Inward membrane

28
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Outward membrane

29
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Particles/ ions/ molecules passing through plasma membrane unaided
From high concentration to low concentration

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

With channel

32
Q

Active Transport

A

Use of ATP to pump molecules against concentration gradient (from low to high)

33
Q

Passive transport

A

No ATP not against gradient

34
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of cell division in which one cell divides to give 2 genetically identical cells

35
Q

Interphase

A

The phase of a cells life cycle in which it accumulates resources and copies chromosomes.

Scattered, with nucleus

36
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes are condensed, nuclear envelope has broken down

*attached to sister chromatids

37
Q

Metaphase

A

Mytotic spindle causes chromosomes to line up in middle

38
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromatids separate

*pulling from centrioles

39
Q

Telophase

A

Prophase in reverse
Nuclear envelope reforming
Chromosomes are condensing

40
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Where cell is pinching off to make two separate cells

41
Q

Plasma Membrane (Function)

A

Serves as an external cell barrier; acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell; externally facing proteins act as receptors and in cell to cell recognition.

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes; consists of fluid cytosol containing dissolved solutes, inclusions and organelles, the metabolic machinery of the cytoplasm.

43
Q

Centrioles (Structure)

A

Paired cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules

44
Q

Centrioles (function)

A

Organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters; form the bases of cilia and flagella

45
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Maintain cell shape and structure and transport materials within the cell

46
Q

Smooth ER ( Function)

A

Site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

47
Q

Rough ER (function)

A

Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cells membrane

48
Q

Mitochondria (function)

A

Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell

49
Q

Nucleus (function)

A

Control center of the cell, responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis

50
Q

Nucleolus (structure)

A

Dense spherical non membrane bounded body

51
Q

Nucleolus (function)

A

Site of ribosome subunit manufacture

Anatomy (4 decks)

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