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Vet Term Final Exam > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

The bony (hard) and cartilaginous (firm) framework of the body.

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2
Q

What are functions of the bony skeleton?

A
  1. Allow locomotion by providing joints mechanical loading
  2. Calcium sink and reserve
  3. Allow attachment
  4. Protect organs
  5. Provide site for hematopoiesis
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3
Q

What 2 parts is the bony skeleton divided into?

A
  1. Axial skeleton

2. Appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, mandible, hyoid, vertebral column, sternum (breast bone), and ribs.

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5
Q

What 3 structures are contained in the skull?

A

Cranium, face, mandible

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6
Q

What does the cranium do?

A

Contains the brain and protects inner and middle ear

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7
Q

What does the face do?

A

Provides platform for upper teeth, and nasal chamber.

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8
Q

What structure is attached to skull but not part of it, provides support for lower teeth, and is the only
movable bone?

A

Mandible

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9
Q

Where is the Hyoid Apparatus found?

A

Horseshoe-shaped bone lying in the soft tissues of the

neck just above the larynx and below the mandible.

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10
Q

What is the function of the Hyoid Apparatus?

A

Supports the larynx and gives attachment to the base of the tongue.

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11
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

A series of bones, called vertebrae, designed to protect the CNS yet allow movement.

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12
Q

How are the vertebrae separated from one another?

A

By intervertebral discs made of cartilage

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13
Q

What is the most important function of the body skeleton?

A

Locomotion, the animal needs to move!

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14
Q

What type of animals have a longer facial skeleton?

A

Herbivores, such as horses

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15
Q

What contributes to the orbital structure?

A

Cranium and the face

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16
Q

T/F: The mandible is part of the skull.

A

False, it is attached to it

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17
Q

What are three different head structures?

A

Brachycephalic, Mesaticephalic, Dolicocephalic

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18
Q

What type of dog has a Brachycephalic skull?

A

Toy breeds

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19
Q

How do skull bones fuse together?

A

Via sutures

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20
Q

Rostral

A

Front of the head

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21
Q

Equal ratio lengths of cranium to facial skeleton

A

Mesaticephalic

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22
Q

What type of dog has a Mesaticephalic skull?

A

Labradors

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23
Q

Long facial skeleton relative to cranial skeleton

A

Dolicocephalic

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24
Q

What types of dogs have a Dolicocephalic skull?

A

Gun dogs, bird dogs, hunting dogs

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25
Q

Which bone supports the incisor teeth?

A

Incisive bone

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26
Q

What bone provides a surgical access route into the skull?

A

Nasal bone

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27
Q

What is the bone between the eyes?

A

Frontal bone

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28
Q

What is the anatomical term that means “a wall”?

A

Parietal

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29
Q

What is the bone that forms the majority of the side wall of the cranium?

A

Parietal bone

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30
Q

Where is the occipital bone found?

A

Wraps around the caudal end (back) of the cranium, just behind the parietal bone

31
Q

What is the hyoid apparatus made up of?

A

Series of bones and one cartilage

32
Q

Where are the 2 “C-shapes” of the hyoid connected?

A

Basihyoid

33
Q

What is the cartilage piece of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Tympanohyoid

34
Q

How can the vertebral column be separated?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

35
Q

Describe the vertebrae in the dog.

A

7 Cervical: Neck, smallest vertebrae
13 Thoracic: Chest, larger than cervical vertebrae
7 Lumbar: Lower back, largest of the vertebrae
3 Sacral: Fused vertebrae of lowest part of back
5+ Coccygeal: Caudal or tail

36
Q

What are the 4 features of vertebrae?

A

Body, Neural arch, Spines, Facets

37
Q

T/F: Size and shape of the vertebrae depends on location in the body.

A

True

38
Q

What is the main weight bearing part of the vertebrae?

A

The body

39
Q

What is the main role of the neural arch?

A

Protects the spinal cord

40
Q

What do the spinous processes do?

A

Provide attachment for ligaments and muscles & act as levers

41
Q

T/F: The length of the spines is roughly proportional to the weight load.

A

True, big spines = something big pulling on that bone

42
Q

Facets

A

Joint surfaces

43
Q

What do intervertebral discs do?

A

Act as shock absorbers & spreads the load

44
Q

What does the intervertebral foramen do?

A

Allows exit of the spinal nerve and vessels to go in and out

45
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus?

A

The tough exterior of the intervertebral disc

46
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus made up of?

A

Collagen fibers

47
Q

Which part of the disc is most likely to herniate?

A

Dorsal, the weakest point. –> Spinal cord compression

48
Q

Sternum

A

Forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage.

49
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid process

50
Q

Middle portion that gives attachment to the ribs

A

Body

51
Q

Cranial part that articulates with the clavicles

A

Manubrium

52
Q

Most caudal sternebra with cartilage extension. Gives

attachment to muscles of the abdominal wall.

A

Xyphoid process

53
Q

What forms the lateral walls of the thoracic cage?

A

Ribs

54
Q

True ribs

A

The first set that articulate directly with the sternum

55
Q

How do ribs join to the sternum?

A

Cartilage

56
Q

Floating ribs

A

Do not join to the sternum

57
Q

What is the term for ribs?

A

Costal

58
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Shoulder & pelvic girdles, and front & hind limbs

59
Q

T/F: The front limbs are jointed bone to bone to the body.

A

False

60
Q

Bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

Scapula, clavicle (when present), humerus, radius & ulna, carpus, metacarpals & phalanges

61
Q

Synsarcosis

A

Joint is held on by mostly muscle and few ligaments- shock absorber

62
Q

Brachium

A

Humerus

63
Q

Antebrachium

A

Ulna and Radium (forearm)

64
Q

Carpus

A

Wrist

65
Q

Manus

A

Hand or paw

66
Q

Joints in the appendicular skeleton

A

Synsarcosis, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fetlock, pastern, coffin

67
Q

Digit 1 in dogs

A

Dewclaw

68
Q

What digits do large animals (cows) lose?

A

1, 2, 5

69
Q

When digits 2 and 4 are reduced in the horse, what structures do they become?

A

Splint bones that line each side of the cannon bone

70
Q

What are the bones that make up the hind limb?

A

Pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia & fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, bones of the pes (foot)

71
Q

What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle (os coxae)?

A

Ilium, ischium & pubis

72
Q

Bones of the crus

A

Tibia and fibula

73
Q

What are the joints of the hind limb?

A

Sacroiliac, hip, knee/ stifle, ankle/ hock, fetlock, pastern, coffin

Vet Term Final Exam (3 decks)

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