Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system function controlled by?

Answer 1

1. Hormones delivered thru circulation
2. Hormones produced locally
3. Direct Neuroendocrine stimulation

Question 2

3 components that make up the core of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

1. Endocrine glands
2. Hormones
3. Target organs

Question 3

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 3

Ductless gland secretes hormones into interstitial space –> circulation

Question 4

Classical endocrine glands

Answer 4

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas

Question 5

Nonclassical endocrine glands

Answer 5

Heart, intestines, kidney, placenta

Question 6

What is a hormone?

Answer 6

Chemical product released in small quantities that exert a biological action on a target cell

Question 7

What are the chemical messengers?

Answer 7

Neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, autocrines, cytokines

Question 8

What are the 3 types of hormones discussed?

Answer 8

Peptide or protein hormones, amine hormones, steroid hormones

Question 9

T/F: Protein hormones are hydrophilic and unbound (free).

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How are protein hormones synthesized?

Answer 10

Pre-prohormone

Question 11

Give a common example of a protein hormone.

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

What amino acid is amine hormone derived from?

Answer 12

Tyrosine

Question 13

T/F: Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are the cell surface receptors?

Answer 14

GPCR, ion-channel coupled receptors, enzyme coupled receptors (RTK)

Question 15

What type of hormones use cell surface receptors?

Answer 15

Protein hormones and amine hormones (except thyroid hormone)

Question 16

Which type of receptors do thyroid hormones use?

Answer 16

Intracellular receptors

Question 17

What hormones use intracellular receptors?

Answer 17

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, retinoid hormones

Question 18

T/F: Intracellular receptors can either be cytoplasmic or nuclear.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is hormone clearance?

Answer 19

The rate of the removal of hormone from the blood –> metabolic clearance rate

Question 20

T/F: Metabolic clearance rate cannot interfere with hormone concentration.

Answer 20

False, it can

Question 21

What are some ways hormones are cleared from the plasma?

Answer 21

Metabolic destruction by the tissues
Binding with the tissues
Excretion by the liver into the bile
Excretion by the kidney into the urine

Question 22

How is thyroid hormone transported in the blood and which receptor does it bind to?

Answer 22

Transported by carrier proteins, intracellular receptor

Question 23

How is insulin transported in the blood and which receptor does it bind to?

Answer 23

Circulate unbound in the blood, bind to receptors in the cell membrane

Question 24

How are steroid hormones produced and transported?

Answer 24

Derived from cholesterol, produced by adrenal cortex, gonads, placenta. Transported by carrier proteins & bind to intracellular receptors

Question 25

Metabolic Clearance Rate

Answer 25

Rate of the disappearance of hormone from plasma / concentration of hormone