Skeletal System Flashcards
where do skeletal muscles orginate and insert onto?
bones as their tendons blend into the periosteal layer of the bone tissue
what doe the skeletal system consist of?
- bones
- cartilage
- ligaments
- associated tissues that stabilize or connect to bones
what does the thoracic cage protect?
- heart
- lungs
hemopoiesis
-process of blood cell production
-takes place in the red bone marrow
(red bone marrow contains hemopoietic stem cells that produce all types o blood cells)
Red bone marrow
- prevalent in children but replaced by yellow (fatty) bone marrow in most bones of the adult
- in adults, red bone marrow persist in the hip bones, humerus and femur as well as in axial skeletons (skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum)
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
- structural support
- attachment of muscles (origin,insertion)
- protection of certain vital organs (heart,lungs)
- manufactures certain blood cells
- storage of certain chemical substances (calcium, phosphate)
Calcium
important in maintaining, essential mineral
- bone strength
- muscle contraction
- blood clotting
- nerve signaling
Phosphate
important for the utilization of ATP
Calcium and Phosphate in skeletal system
more than 90% if bodies calcium and phosphate are stored in the skeleton. these reserves can be liberated by breaking down bone and releasing it into the bloodstream
inaddequate amounts of vitamin D can lead to low calcium and phosphate levels because
you need vitamin D for the calcium and phosphate to function the in the body
what usually develops in children and exhibits overly flexible bones due to poor calcification
rickets
long bones
-length exceeds the width 0having a meduallry (marrow) cancal Ecamples: 1. humerus 2. radius 3. ulna 4. femur 5. tibia 6. fibula
short bones
-bones in which length=width
examples:
1. carpal bones (wrist)
2. tarsal bones (ankle)
Flat bones
-bones that are expanded into 1 plane examples: 1. scapula 2. ileum of hip bone 3. frontal bone
irregular bones
- bones that do not fit into any of the other 3 categories
examples:
1. vertebrae (which exhibit oddly shaped processes & projections)
what are the divisions of the skeleton?
- axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
axial skeleton
- part of the skeleton that occupies the central axi of the body
- axial means “to pivit”
what does the axial skeleton consist of?
- Skull and Hyoid
- Vertebral Column
1. 7 vertical verteebrae
2. 12 thoracic vertebrae
3. 5 lumbar vertebrae
4. 1 sacrum
5. 1 coccyx - Ribs and sternum
- Bones of the middle ear
1. Malleus
2. Incus
3. Stapes
appendicular skeleton
- comprises the appendages
- Upper limbs 2 w/ shoulder bones
- Lower limbs 2 w/ hip bones
What bones does the upper limb include?
- 2 clavicles (collar bone)
- 2 scapulae ( shoulder blade)
- 2 humerus bones (arm)
- 2 ulna bones (forearm)
- 2 radius (forearm)
- 8 carpal bones (16 total)
- 5 metacarpal bones (10 total)
- 14 phalanges (28 total)
what bones does the lower limb include?
- 2 hip bones
- 2 femur bone (thigh)
- 2 patella bones
- 2 tibia bones (leg)
- 2 fibula bones (leg)
- 7 tarsal bones (ankle)
- 5 metatarsal bones (10 total)
- 14 phalanges (28 total)
Sesamoid Bones
Bones located within tendons
example:
1. patella
Ectopic Bones
pathological bone formations that occur within tissues
what makes up a long bone?
A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. compact bone D. spongy bone E. Periosteum F. Endosteum G. Medullary Cavity H. Articular Cartilage I. Articular capsule J. Epiphyseal Disc K. Metaphysis
