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Chapter 1 > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Spine of the Scapula

Supraspinous Fossa

Infraspinous Fossa

A
  1. ridge of bone leading from the acromion to the medial border on the posterior surface of the scapula
  2. shallow concavity located on the posterior surface of the scapula above the scapular spine
  3. shallow concavity located on the posterior surface below the scapular spine
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2
Q

Glenoid Process

Glenoid Fossa

A
  • glenoid process: faces laterally and presents the concave glenoid fossa
  • glenoid fossa: serves as the point of articulation with the head of the humerus
  • Green #4
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3
Q

acromian

caracoid process

subcapular fossa

A
  • arcomian: located at the lateral (acromial) border and forms the acromio-clavicular joint as it articulates with the clavicle
  • Green #3
  • carcoid process: anterior projection of the scapula that serves as the attachment point for 3 muscles associated with the upper limb
  • Purple #2
  • subscapular fossa: broad, shallow depression on the anterior surface of the scapula and approximates the rib cage
  • Blue #10
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4
Q

Lateral (Acromial) Angle of Scapula

Superior Angle of Scapula

Inferior Angle of Scapula

A
  • Lateral (Acromial) Angle of Scapula: faces laterally and marks the precense of the acromion
  • Superior Angle of Scapula: superior margin of the medial border
  • Inferior Angle of Scapula: inferior margin of the medial border
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5
Q

Supraglenoid Tubercle

Infralenoid Tubercle

A
  • supraglenoid tubercle: small bump located above the glenoid process
  • Pink
  • infraglenoid tubercle: small bump located below the glenoid process
  • Yellow
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6
Q

Superior border of the scapula

Medial (vertebral) border of scapula

Lateral (axillary) border of scapula

A

Superior border of the scapula: located across the upper margin of the scapula

-Blue

Medial (vertebral) border of scapula: faces medially and approximates the vetebral column

-Red

Lateral (axillary) border of scapula: faces laterally and approximates the armpit region

-Purple

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7
Q
  • acromial end of clavicle
  • sternal end of clavicle
A
  1. acromial end
    - laterally, the clavical articulates with the acromion of the scapula
    - fratures or dislocations of the calvical could lead to septeration of the Acroio-Clavicular joint ( AC Joint). Results in step deformity which can lead to shoulder joint destablization and complications with the rotator cuff
  2. sternal end
    - medially clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

-

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8
Q

-clavicle

A
  • aka collar bone
  • long bone that joints the appendicular skeleton of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  • Red #1
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9
Q

conoid tubercle

A
  • prominent bump on its infero-lateral surface
  • attaachment for conoid ligament
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10
Q

tubercles and borders of the scapula

A
  • supraglenoid tubercle
  • Pink
  • infraglenoid tubercle
  • Yellow
  • medial border
  • Red
  • lateral border
  • Purple
  • superior border
  • Blue
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11
Q

what does the scapula consist of?

A
  • supraspinous fossa
  • caracoid process
  • acromion
  • glenoid cavity
  • spine of scapula
  • infraspinous fossa
  • subscapular fossa
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12
Q

upper limb posterior view:

A
  • infraspinous fossa
  • Orange #9
  • suprasinpous fossa
  • Green #1
  • glenoid cavity
  • Red #4
  • anatomical head of humerus
  • Blue #5
  • oleccranon fossa
  • Yellow #6
  • groove for ulnar nerve
  • Turquiose #7
  • olecranon process of ulna
  • Brown #8
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13
Q

upper limb anterior view:

A
  • calvicle
  • Red #1
  • caracoid process
  • Blue #2
  • acrombian
  • Oragne #3
  • glenoid cavity
  • Green #4
  • anatomical head of humerus
  • Peach #5
  • lesser tubercle
  • Purple #6
  • greater tubercle
  • Pink #7
  • intertubercular sulcus
  • Yellow #8
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14
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A
  • upper extremeties
  • lower extremeties
  • bones comprising the shoulder joint
  • bones comprising the hip joint
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15
Q
  • head of humerus
  • anatomical neck
  • surgical neck
A
  • head of humerus: rounded portion on the proximal end that aarticulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula forming the glenohumeral joint
  • Blue #5
  • anatomical neck: shallow constriction distal and lateral to the head
  • Purple
  • surgical neck: located further distally and is a common site of fracture
  • Orange
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16
Q
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • intertubercular sulcus
A
  1. greater tubercle: prominent bump located at the proximal end facing laterally. Insertion for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles
    - pink #7
  2. lesser tubercle: smaller bump located at the proximal end of the humerus and faces interiorly. Insertion for subsccapularis muscle
    - pink #6
  3. intertubercular sulcus: depression of bone located betwen the tubercles and their crests
    - yellow #8
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17
Q
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle
A
  1. deltoid tuberosity: small, raised bump located on the lateral aspect of the humerus approximately half way down th diaphysis
    - pink #9
  2. medial epidcondyle: prominent projection on the medial surface on the distal end of the humerus
    - Turquoise #11
  3. lateral epidcondyle: prominent projection on the lateral surface on the distal end of the humerus
    - Orange #12
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18
Q

medial and lateral supracondylar ridges

A

-extend proximally from the medial and lateral epicondyles respectively

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19
Q
  • radial fossa
  • coronoid fossa
A
  1. shallow cancavity located on the antero-lateral surface on the distal end of the humerus
  2. slightly deeper concavity located on the antero-medial surface on the distal end of the humerus
    - Blue #10
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20
Q
  • capitulum
  • tochlea
A
  1. capitulum: rounded projection of bone on the lateral distal end of the humerus. Articulates with the head of the radius bone
    - Purple #13
  2. Torchlea; “spool”. Spool shaped projection of the bone on the medial distal end of the humerus. Articulates with the proximal end of the ulna bone
    - Red #14
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21
Q
  • radial groove
  • olecranon fossa
  • groove for the ulnar nerve
A
  1. Radial Groove: courses distally across the posterior aspect of the diaphesis of the humerus. Accomidates the radial nerve
  2. Olecranon Fossa: concavity located on the distal, posterior end of the humerus
    - Yellow #6
  3. Groove for the Ulnar Nerve: slight depression posterior to the medial epicondyle. Compression of the ulnar nerve against this groove is also know as “bumping the funny bone”
    - Turquoise #7
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22
Q
  • head of radius
  • neck of radius
A
  1. head of radius: proximal, rounded process which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus when the forearm is fully flexed
    - Yelow #15
  2. neck of radius: constriccted region just distal to the head
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23
Q
  • radial tuberosity
  • ulnar notch of the radius
  • styloid process of the ulna
A
  1. radial tuberosity?: prominent bump located at proximal end of the radius. Insertion point for the biceps brachii
  2. Ulnar notch of the radius: concave surface located at the distal,medial surface of the bone and articulates with the head of the ulna
  3. Styloid Process of Ulna: the most distal end of the bone and presents as a distinct point
    - Brown #17
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24
Q
  • olecranon process of ulna
  • coronoid process of ulna
  • ulnar tuberosity
A
  1. olecranon process of ulna: proximal most end. Articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the forearm is fully extened
  2. coronoid process of ulna: triangular shaped, anterior projection of bone
  3. ulnar tuberosity: prominent bump located just distal to the coronoid process
    - brown #8
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25
Q
  • radial notch of the ulna
  • head of the ulna
  • stylid process of ulna
A
  1. concavity located at the proximal, lateral aspect of the bone. Articulates with the head of the radius
  2. locaed at the distal end of the bone
  3. short, distinct process located at the distal most end of the bone
    - Blue #18
26
Q

Carpal Bones

A

-eight bones that make up the wrist

Proximal Row

  1. Scaphoid - Turquoise
  2. Lunate - Orange
  3. Triquetrium (Triangular) - Grey
  4. Pisiform - Purple

Distal Row

  1. Trapezium - Hot Pink
  2. Trapezoid - Yellow
  3. Capitate - Green
  4. Hamate - Red
27
Q

Metacarpals

A
  • 5 bones that make up the palm of the head
  • numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb ending with the smallest digit

Each Have

  • base: articulated w/ carpal bone
  • shaft: elongated part
  • head: distal, articulates ww/ phalanges
  • Pink # 27
28
Q

Phalanges

A
  • (singular phalanx) bones that mak up the digits
  • thumb pesents w/ a proximal and distal phallanx

Digits 2-5 (all have base, shaft and distal head)

  • proximal phalange- nude #28
  • middle phalange- Highlighter Yellow #29
  • distal phalange- Black #30
29
Q

os coxa

A
  • hip bone
  • composed of:
    1. ilium - Blue
    2. ishium - Red
    3. pubic - Yellow
  • fuse teogether by age 21
30
Q

sacro-illiac joint

A

os coxa attaches the appendicular skeletonn of the lower limb to the axial skeleton by forming the SI joint with the sacrum

-Green #2

31
Q
  • iliac crest
  • anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
A
  1. iliac crest: forms a ridge of bone across the superior margin of the ilium
    - Orange #1
  2. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS): process of bone projecting anteriorly. (origin for tensor fascia lata and sartorius)
    - Purple #2
  3. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS): anterior projection located inferior to the ASIS. (origin for rectus femoris)
    - Dark Pink #3
32
Q
  • posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
  • posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
  • greater sciatic notch
A
  1. posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS): process of bone projecting posteriorly from the crest
    - Light Pink #4
  2. posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS): projection of bone located inferior to the PSIS
    - Yellow #5
    - greater sciatic notch: located inferior to the PIIS and transmits major nerves and blood vessels from the pelvin region and posterior thigh
33
Q

Wing of Ilium

Articular Surface

Iliac Tuberosity

A
  1. Wing of Ilium: two surfaces
    - gluteal surface: faces posteriorly and laterally
    - iliac fossa: faces anteriorly and medially
  2. Articular Surface: faces medially and forms the sacro-iliac joint by articulating with the sacrum
  3. Iliac Tuberosity: bumpy region of the bone located just above the articular surface
34
Q
  • ischial spine
  • ishchial tuberosity
A
  1. ischial spine: posterior porjection of bone located inferior to the greater sciatic notch (origin for superior gemellus)
    - Red #7
  2. ishchial tuberosity: presents w/ a rough surface and serves as the attachment point for many muscles of the lower limb. Sustains the weight of the upper torso while sitting
    - Blue #8
35
Q
  • lesser sciatic notch
  • ischial ramus
A
  1. lesser sciatic notch:inferior to the ischial spine and transmitss nerves and blood vessels coursing through the pelvic and gluteal regions
  2. ischial ramus: branh of ischium which articulates with the public bone forming the ischiopublic ramus
36
Q
  • public tubercle
  • sympphyseal surface
A
  1. public tubercle: small anterior projection located on the body of the public bone. (attachment point for inguinal ligament)
  2. sympphyseal surface: antero-medial side of articulation between the left and right public bones
37
Q

-fibrocartilage of the public

A
  • lines the symphyseal surfaces of the public bones and joins the hip bones together anteriorly
  • loosens during pregnancy allowing for the seperation of hip bones thus widening the birth canal
38
Q
  • superior pubic ramus
  • inferior public ramus
A
  • superior pubic ramus: branch of the pubic bone which articulates with the ilium and ischium. (origin for pectineus)
  • inferior public ramus: branch of bone which articulates with the ischial ramus forming the ischiopubic ramus
39
Q

acetabulum

A
  • composed of portions of the ilium, ishium and pubis bones
  • Green #6
    1. lunate surface
    2. acetabular notch
40
Q

acetabular notch

A
  • shallow hiatus located on the inferior aspect of the acdetabulum
  • presents the passageway for the femoral ligament as it attaches to the fovea of the femur
41
Q

lunate surface

A
  • marks the site of articulation with the head of the femur
  • presents with a durable fibrocartilaginous tissue
42
Q

obturator foramen

A
  • hole formed by portions of the ischium and pubic bones
  • presents a passageway for the nerves and blood vessels that course from the abdomen region to the medial surface of the thigh
  • 90% is occupied by the obturator membrane
43
Q
  • head of humerus
  • fovea
A
  1. head of humerus: proximal, rounded portion which articulates the acetabulum. Head is surrounded by dense, articular cartilage.
    - Purple #5
  2. fovea: small concavity on the head of the femur which serves as the point of attachment for the femoral ligament
44
Q
  • neck of femur
  • greater trochanter
  • lesser trochanter
A
  1. neck of femur: constricted area of bone just distal and lateral to the head
    - Red #6
  2. greater trochanter: prominent bump on the proximal end of the femur. Attachment point for many lower limb muscles
    - Blue #7
  3. lesser trochanter: smaler bump which faces posteriorly and medially. (insertion for iliopsoas)
    - Turqouise #8
45
Q
  • trochanteric fossa
  • intertrochanteric line
  • intertrochanteric crest
A
  1. trochanteric fossa: small concavity located on the medial surface of the greater trochanter. (insertion for obturator externous)
  2. intertrochanteric line: imaginary line which connects the greater and lesser trochanters anteriorly
  3. intertrochanteric crest: prominent ridge of bone connecting greater and lesser trochanters posteriorly. (insertion for quadratus femoris)
46
Q
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • linea aspera
A
  1. gluteal tuberosity: presents as a roughened ridge of bone extending down the proximal end of the diaphysis. (insertion gluteus maximus)
  2. linea aspera: elongated ridge of bone extending along the entire posterior aspect of the diaphysis
    - Green #2
47
Q

lateral and medial condyles

A

rounded ends of the femur located at the distal most end. Articulate with the superior surface of the tibia bone

  • lateral condyle= turquoise #14
  • medial condyle: yellow #13
48
Q

lateral and medial epicondyle

A

expanses of bone projecting upward from the condyles. Muscle attachment sites

  • lateral epicondyle- grey #10
  • medial epicondyle- orange #11
49
Q
  • intercondylar fossa
  • adductor tubercle
A
  1. intercondylar fossa: concavity that exists between the condyles
  2. adductor tubercle: presents as the most prominent point on the medial epicondyle. (insertion for extensor part of adductor magnus)
    - Hot Pink #12
50
Q
  • petlar surface
  • popliteal surface
A
  1. petlar surface: depression on the distal anterior surface of the femur and articulates with the patella bone
  2. popliteal surface: triangular, flat region on the posterior distal end of the femur
51
Q

medial and lateral condyles of tibia

A
  • rounded projections of bone located at the bones proximal end
  • superior aspects of the tibial condyles serve as articulation surfaces with the femoral condyles
  • outer regions also serve as points of muscle attachments

lateral condyle of tibia= green #16

medial condyle of tibia= purple #17

52
Q
  • tibial tuberosity
  • interosseous border
A
  1. tibial tuberosity: roughened bump located at the anterior proximal end of the tibia. (insertion for the quadriceps)
    - Blue #18
  2. interosseous border: faces laterally and serves as the site of attachment for the interosseous membrane which spans between the tibia and fibula
53
Q
  • soleal line
  • inferior articular surface
A
  1. soleal line: roughened ridge of bone located on the proximal, posterior surface of the tibia
    - inferior articular surface: smooth area located on the distal most end of the tibia. Articulates with the talus bone at the ankle joint
54
Q
  • medial maleolus
  • fibular notch of tibia
A
  1. medial maleolus: located along the medial side of the distal end of the tibia. PResents with an articular facet which articulates with the talus bone
    - Red #5
  2. fibular notch of tibia: lateraly facing concavity on the tibia which articulates with the fibula bone distally
55
Q
  • apex of fibula
  • head of fibula
  • neck of fibula
A
  1. apex of fibula: most proximal aspect of bone. Attachment for finular collateral ligament
    - Pink #3
  2. head of fibula: rounded proximal portion of the bone
  3. neck of fibula: shallow constriction just distal to the head
56
Q
  • interossesous border
  • lateral maleolus
A
  1. interossesous border: faces medially and serves as the site of attaachment for the interosseous membrane which spans between the tibia and fibula
  2. lateral maleolus: distal most end of the fibula and presents with a smooth articular facet for articulation with the talus bone
    - Purple #4
57
Q
  • talus
  • calcaneus
A
  1. Talus bone: articulates with the inferior articular surface and medial malleolus of the tibia as well as the lateral malleolus of the fibula.
    - Red #1
  2. Calcaneus bone:forms the heal and receives the majority of the weight of the body.
    - Green #2
58
Q
  • cuboid
  • navicular
A
  1. cuboid bone:cubital in shape and is located on the lateral side of the ankle
    - Pink #4
  2. navicular bone: takes its name form the word navy” due to its boat like shape
    - Blue #3
59
Q
  • lateral cuneiform
  • intermediate cuneiform
  • medial cuneiform
A

articulate with bases of the first three metarsal bones

  • lateral cuneiform= Orange #5
  • intermediate cuneiform= Yellow #6
  • medial cuneiform= Purple #7
60
Q

metatarsals

A
  • numbered 1-5 beginning with the “hallux” or big toe
  • proximal base: articulates w/ tarsal bones
  • shaft: body
  • distal head: articulates w/ phalanges
  • Turquoise #8
61
Q

phalanges

A
  • bases of the toes
  • toe #1 (hallux): proximal & distal phalanx
  • toes #2-5:

proximal= purple #9

middle = pink #10

distal phalanges = yellow #11

-all phalanges have-

proximal base, shaft: and distal head

62
Q
A

Chapter 1 (5 decks)

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