Skeletal System Flashcards
What bones are associated with the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
The axial skeleton includes the central core of the body.
What bones create the cranium?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
These bones protect the brain and form the skull.
What are the different sutures in the skull?
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous
Sutures are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull.
What bones form the face?
Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, palatine, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, vomer
These bones contribute to the structure and function of the face.
What and where are the paranasal sinuses?
Air-filled spaces located in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
They help lighten the skull and provide resonance to the voice.
What are the regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
These regions categorize the vertebrae based on their location and function.
What are the curvatures in the spine?
Cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral curvature
These curvatures help with balance and weight distribution.
What is the structure of a vertebra?
Body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse processes, laminae, pedicles
This structure supports the body and protects the spinal cord.
What are the major differences between the vertebrae of the different regions?
Cervical: small and light, thoracic: attachment for ribs, lumbar: large and robust
Each region adapts to its specific mechanical functions.
What forms the intervertebral foramen vs the vertebral foramen?
Intervertebral foramen: formed by adjacent vertebrae, vertebral foramen: formed by the vertebral arch
These foramina serve different purposes in spinal anatomy.
What is the structure of the intervertebral disc?
Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
These components provide cushioning and support between vertebrae.
Where is the hyoid bone and what are its main features?
Located in the neck, supports the tongue and is a site for muscle attachment
The hyoid bone is unique as it does not articulate with any other bone.
What are the parts of the sternum and the main features?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
The sternum protects vital organs and serves as attachment points for ribs.
What are the differences between true and false ribs?
True ribs: 1-7, attach directly to the sternum; False ribs: 8-12, either indirectly or not at all
This classification is based on their attachment to the sternum.
What are the basic features of a rib?
Head, neck, body, costal cartilage, costal groove on inferior aspect where AVN bundle goes
These features allow ribs to articulate with the spine and sternum.
What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton?
Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges, coxa bone, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals
The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and interaction with the environment.
Where does the clavicle articulate with the axial skeleton?
Sternum
The clavicle acts as a strut between the upper limb and the trunk.
What are the major features of the scapula and what does it articulate with?
Spine, acromion, glenoid cavity; articulates with the humerus
The scapula provides a base for shoulder movement.
What are the main features of the humerus and what does it articulate with?
Proximal End
* Head
* Anatomical Neck
* Surgical Neck- often site of fracture
* greater and lesser tubercles - site of muscle attachments
* intertubercular groove - long head of biceps brachii fits and attaches to scapula (I have biceps tendinitis)
Shaft
Radial/spiral groove - in which radial nerve and artery sit. if fracture to shaft, radial nerve can be damaged (Tom Segura)
Distal End
* Medial epicondyle - Ulnar nerve runs over it, funny bone = compression of ulnar nerve
* Lateral epicondyle
* Capitulum - site of articulation with Radius (CR)
* Olecranon fossa - site of elbow
* Trochlea - site of articulation with Ulna ( TU)
The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm.
What are the major features and articulations of the radius?
Head, neck, styloid process; articulates with the humerus and ulna
The radius allows for wrist rotation.
What are the major features and articulations of the ulna?
Olecranon, trochlear notch, styloid process; articulates with the humerus and radius
The ulna forms a hinge joint at the elbow.
What are the names of the 8 carpal bones and which ones articulate with the forearm?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate; scaphoid and lunate articulate with the forearm
The carpal bones facilitate wrist movement.
What are the main features of metacarpals?
Base, shaft, head
Metacarpals form the framework of the hand.
What are the main features of phalanges?
Proximal, middle, distal phalanges
Phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.
What three parts form the coxa bone and what are the main features?
Ilium, ischium, pubis; main features include the acetabulum and obturator foramen
The coxa bone supports weight and allows for lower limb movement.
What are the major features and articulations of the femur?
Head, neck, greater trochanter; articulates with the acetabulum of the coxa
The femur is the longest bone in the body.
What are the major features and articulations of the tibia?
Medial condyle, lateral condyle, tibial tuberosity; articulates with the femur and fibula
The tibia is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
What are the major features and articulations of the fibula?
Head, lateral malleolus; articulates with the tibia
The fibula provides stability to the ankle.
What are the names of the tarsal bones and their articulations?
Talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid; talus articulates with the tibia and fibula
Tarsal bones facilitate foot movement and support.
What are the main features of metatarsals?
Base, shaft, head
Metatarsals form the framework of the foot.
What are the main features of phalanges in the lower extremity?
Proximal, middle, distal phalanges
Similar to the hand, phalanges in the foot allow for movement.
