Joints Flashcards
3 joint classifications
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
Synovial joints are characterized by a fluid-filled joint cavity, allowing for a wide range of motion.
Name each type within each joint class, think of examples
- Fibrous: Suture (coronal), syndesmosis (radius+ulna), gomphosis (tooth)
- Cartilaginous: Synchondrosis (femoral head, growth plate), Symphysis (pubic)
- Synovial: finger
What are the features of synovial joints?
- Articular cartilage
- Joint cavity
- Synovial fluid
- Articular capsule
- Ligaments
Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction.
What are types of synovial joints with examples?
- Hinge joint (e.g., elbow)
- Ball-and-socket joint (e.g., shoulder)
- Pivot joint (e.g., radioulnar)
- Saddle joint (e.g., carpometacarpal)
- Plane joint (e.g., intertarsal)
- Condyloid joint (e.g., metacarpophalangeal)
Each type allows for specific movements.
What are the features of the temporomandibular joint?
Has two subcompartments sandwiching the articular disc allows for multiplanar movement
This joint connects the jawbone to the skull.
What are the features of the sternoclavicular joint?
Has two subcompartments sandwiching the articular disc allows for multiplanar movement.
Only articulation between axial and appendicular skeletons!!
What are the features of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
Ligaments span from head of humerus to scapula to form glenoid capsule
If humeral head displaces from capsule, commonly inferiorly, it is called a dislocation.
What tendon passes through the glenohumeral joint?
Tendon of biceps long head
Why I have biceps tendonitis
What four muscles support the glenohumeral joint?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
These muscles make up the rotator cuff.
What is the glenoid labrum and what does it do?
The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens the glenoid cavity and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
It provides additional support and ROM to the joint.
What are the ligaments that support the acromioclavicular joint?
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Coracoacromial ligament
If torn, this is called a shoulder separation.
What bones are involved in the elbow joint?
- Distal humerus
- Proximal radius
- Proximal ulna
This joint allows for flexion and extension of the forearm.
What ligaments are involved in the elbow joint?
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Radial collateral ligament
- Annular ligament
Annular - around radial neck like annulus fibrosis
What ligaments support the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
These ligaments help stabilize the joint during movement.
What are the main features of the hip joint?
- Ball-and-socket structure of acetabulum and femoral head
- horseshoe-shaped with ligament and femoral artery
if femur dislocated, it can occlude femoral artery
What is the acetabular labrum and its function?
The acetabular labrum is a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the acetabulum and stabilizes the hip joint.
It enhances hip ROM
What are the main features of the knee joint?
- quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon attach to patella, covering knee
- Rounded condyles of femur
- flat surface of tibia
menisci add height and wedge to joint
Name the 6 cartilage and tendons of the knee joint
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Medial meniscus
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral meniscus
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
MCL attached to medial meniscus. Collateral tear -> meniscus tear
What are the menisci?
The menisci are C-shaped cartilaginous structures that add height, shock absorption, and stabilization of the knee.
rounded condyles + flat tibial surface = menisci need
Be able to identify the cruciate ligaments?
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
These ligaments cross each other and are essential for knee stability.
What bones are involved in the ankle joint?
Talus to
* lateral mallelolus of fibula
* medial malleolus of tibia
This joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
What type of motion do we have in the ankle joint?
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantarflexion
inversion and eversion are intertarsal!
TMJ movements
- elevation and depression
- protraction and retraction
Shoulder movements
- flexion, extension, and hyperextension
- lateral and medial rotation
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction (unique to ball and socket)
Normal elbow movement
flexion and extension
Radioulnar joint movements
Pronation and supination
Wrist joint movements
- flexion, extension, and hyperextension
- abduction and adduction
Metacarpophalangeal joint movements
abduction and adduction around 3rd digit
Carpometacarpal joint movements
opposition - thumb to each finger
Hip joint movements
- flexion and extension, hyperextension
- circumduction
- abduction and adduction
- medial and lateral rotation
Knee joint movements
flexion and extension
Ankle joint movements
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Intertarsal joint movements
inversion (medial) and eversion (lateral)
