Muscular System Flashcards
What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
The facial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles that control facial expressions.
What are the 4 major muscles of mastication?
- Masseter
- Temporalis
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral pterygoid
These muscles are responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing.
What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
What muscles are associated with the tongue?
Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, Palatoglossus
Intrinsic muscles change the shape of the tongue, while extrinsic muscles move the tongue.
What muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?
Digastric, Myohyoid, Styohyoid, Geniohyoid
These muscles are involved in movements related to swallowing and speech.
What muscles divide the neck into the anterior and posterior triangles?
Sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a key landmark in the anatomy of the neck.
What paired triangles form the anterior triangle of the neck?
- Submental triangle
- Submandibular triangle
- Carotid triangle
- Muscular triangle
These triangles contain important vascular and nervous structures.
What are the three layers of intercostal muscles?
- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Innermost intercostals
These muscles assist in the mechanics of breathing.
Where is the rectus abdominus located?
Anterior abdominal wall
The rectus abdominus runs vertically along the length of the abdomen.
What are the three layers of the abdominal wall?
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
These layers provide support and protection for abdominal organs.
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
Skeletal muscle
The diaphragm is unique as it is both skeletal muscle and an involuntary muscle, crucial for respiration.
What landmarks form the diamond representing the perineum?
- Pubic symphysis
- Ischial tuberosities
- Coccyx
The perineum includes both the urogenital and anal regions.
What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus
These muscles support the pelvic organs.
What muscles form the urogenital diaphragm?
- deep transverse perineal
- external urethral sphincter
These muscles play a role in urinary control.
What muscles are found in the superficial perineal pouch?
- Ischiocavernosus
- Bulbospongiosus
- Superficial transverse perineal
These muscles are involved in sexual function and support of the perineal body.
What two muscles make up the superficial muscles of the back?
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
These muscles are involved in the movement and stabilization of the shoulder and arm.
What muscles make up the erector spinae?
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Semispinalis
- Multifidus
The erector spinae muscles are key for maintaining posture and extending the spine.
What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
The rotator cuff stabilizes the shoulder joint.
What 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process of the scapula?
- Pectoralis minor
- Coracobrachialis
- Short head of biceps brachii
These muscles contribute to shoulder movement.
What is the main function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Flexion of the elbow
The muscles in this compartment primarily facilitate bending at the elbow joint.
What is the main function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
Extension of the elbow
These muscles are responsible for straightening the arm.
What is the main function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexion of the wrist and fingers
The anterior compartment contains flexor muscles that aid in gripping and holding.
What is the main function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extension of the wrist and fingers
The posterior compartment contains extensor muscles that facilitate releasing grip.
Where are the thenar and hypothenar muscles of the hand located?
Thenar: base of the thumb; Hypothenar: base of the little finger
These muscle groups control fine movements of the thumb and little finger.
What is the main function of the muscles in the adductor compartment of the thigh?
Adduction of the thigh
These muscles bring the thigh towards the midline of the body.
What is the main function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion of the knee and extension of the hip
These muscles are primarily involved in movements like running and jumping.
What is the main function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extension of the knee
These muscles are crucial for activities such as walking and climbing.
What is the main function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflexion of the foot
These muscles help lift the foot upwards.
What is the main function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Eversion of the foot
These muscles assist in turning the sole of the foot outward.
What is the main function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantarflexion of the foot
These muscles are involved in movements like standing on tiptoes.
