Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 2 types of skeleton?
Appendicular
Axial
What bones are in the axial skeleton?
Cranium
Ribs/ Rib cage
Vertebral Column
Manubrium
Sternum
Mandible
What’s the function of the axial skeleton?
To provide support and protection to the organs
What bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Carpals
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Patella
Pelvic Girdle
What’s the function of the appendicular skeleton?
To grasp and manipulate objects (upper limbs)
To permit location (lower limbs)
Name of the collar bone?
Clavicle
Name of the skull?
Cranium
Name of upper arm bone?
Humerus
Name of jaw bone?
Mandible
Name of wrist bone?
Carpals
Bones between ribs?
Manubrium
Sternum
Name of forearm bones? Which ones where?
Radius - side of the thumb
Ulna - side of the pinkie
Name of leg bones? Which ones where?
Femur - thigh
Patella - knee cap
Tibia - shin
Fibula - calf
Name of shoulder blades?
Scapula
Name of hand bones? Which ones where?
Carpals - wrist
Metacarpals - palm
Phalanges - fingers
Name of feet bones? Which ones where?
Talus - ankle
Tarsals - lower area of foot
Metatarsals - middle area of foot
Phalanges - toes
Name of pelvis bone?
Pelvic girdle
Areas of pelvic girdle?
Ilium - top
Pubis - middle
Ischium - bottom
What’s in the Vertebral Column? Which ones where?
Cervical Vertebrae - top
Thoracic vertebrae - middle
Lumbar vertebrae - bottom
Sacrum - below in between pelvic girdle
Coccyx - below sacrum
Name of neck bone?
Cervical vertebrae
Name of back bone?
Thoracic vertebrae
Name of lower back bone?
Lumbar vertebrae?
What’s the 6 functions of the skeleton?
Movement
Support
Shape
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells
Protection
What’s the shape function?
Provides human shape and height of a person
What’s the support function?
Keeps the body upright
What’s the mineral storage function?
bones are made of minerals so act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorus
What’s the production of blood cells function?
certain bones contain red bone marrow and it produces red + white blood cells and platelets
What’s the movement function?
Allows movement of the body as a whole an individually
What’s the protection function?
bones protect internal organs and reduce risk of injury
What are the 5 types of bone?
Short
Long
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Shape of short bones?
short almost cubic
Shape of long bones?
longer than they are wide
Shape of flat bones?
flatter than they are wide
Shape of irregular bones?
don’t fit into any other category
Shape of sesamoid bones?
similar to short bones but within a tendon
Examples of short bones? Function? How?
Tarsals and Carpals
Provide stability
Due to shape
Examples of long bones? Function? How?
Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, fibula, tibia, phalanges, metacarpals and, metatarsals
Provide movement and structure
Due to length
Examples of flat bones? Function? How?
Cranium, ribs, scapula, sternum
Protects internal organs
Due to size and shape, acts as a shield
Examples of irregular bones? Function? How?
Vertebrae and Sacrum
Provide protection
Due to complex shape
Examples of sesamoid bones? Function? How?
Patella
Decrease friction and protect tendons
By redistributing forces through muscles due to being within a tendon
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fixed or Fused
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Definition of a fixed/fused joint?
Allows no movement
Important for growth and development
Definition of a cartilaginous joint?
Joins bones together with cartilage only
Allows some movement
Definition of a synovial joint?
Freely moveable
Allows great range of movement
What are the 6 synovial joints?
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Gliding
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Pivot joint?
S - a cylinder shaped bone that rotates inside another bone that forms a ring around it
F - allows rotation
L - neck, wrist and radius-ulna
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Hinge joint?
S - a cylinder shaped bone that moves inside another bone that forms a semicircle around it
F - allows flexion and extension
L - elbow, knee, phalanges,
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Gliding joint?
S - a bone contacting another bone
F - allows bones to glide past one another, rotation
L - ankles, wrists, spine
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Condyloid joint?
S - a spherical bone within a cup shaped bone
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
L - wrist, toes, fingers
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Saddle joint?
S - a convex bone within a concave bone
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
L - thumb and clavicle
What’s the structure, function, and location of a Ball and Socket joint?
S - a spherical bone within a bone with a rounded depression
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
L - shoulders and hips
What is the structure features in a synovial joint?
Hyaline cartilage
Ligaments
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Menisci
Pads of fat
Bursae
Joint capsule
Function of the Hyaline Cartilage?
A hard smooth surface that covers ends of bones
Allows bones to move without friction due to smooth glossy consistency
Function of the Ligaments?
Holds 2 ends of bones together and a very strong but elastic
Ensure stability but allow movement of the joint
Function of the Synovial membrane?
A layer that lines the synovial joint
Produces and stores synovial fluid
Function of the Synovial fluid?
Thick white fluid that helps to reduce friction
Function of the Menisci?
Pads of tissue between the cartilage and within the synovial fluid
Act as shock absorbers reducing impact on bone ends
Function of pads of fat?
Act as friction reducers
Function of the Bursae?
Small sacks of fluid located where skin, ligaments or bones could cause friction
Function of the Joint capsule?
Protective layers around a joint
Example of a cartilaginous joint?
Vertebral column
How many vertebrae in the vertebral column?
26
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5, fused
Coccyx - 4, fused
Function of the Vertebral column?
Protection of the spinal cord
Attachment for muscles
Provides support and aids with balancing
How does movement occur?
Through joints
Through ligaments and tendons
Through muscles attached to the skeleton
Ligament and Tendon characteristics?
Very strong
Flexible
Resistant to damage
Difference between Ligaments and Tendons?
L - Link bone to bone
T - Link bone to muscle
What is Flexion?
Minimising joint angle
e.g. bending elbow
What is Extension?
Maximising joint angle
e.g. straightening elbow
What is Abduction?
movement away from the bodies midline
What is Adduction?
movement towards the bodies midline
What is Circumduction?
Moving joint around in a circle
What is Rotation?
Moving joint around within the confines of an axial plane
What is Dorsiflexion?
Toes pointing upwards
What is Plantarflexion?
Toes pointing downwards
What is pronation?
Palms facing downwards
What is Supination?
Palms facing upwards
What is Horizontal flexion?
Moving forearm across the body
What is Horizontal extension?
Moving forearm away from the body
What is Horizontal abduction?
Moving arm away from the front of the body
What is horizontal adduction?
Moving arm in front of the body
What is Medial Rotation?
Turning limb inwards
What is Lateral Rotation?
Turning limb outwards
What is Lateral flexion?
Moving body to the side/ sideways
Long term effects of the skeletal system?
Increased bone density
Bones heal quicker
More calcium in the bone
Increased mineral content
Stronger ligaments
Reduced risk of injury
Short term effects of the skeletal system?
Ligaments get warmer and more stretchy
Reduced risk of injury
Increased range of movement at joints
Effects of a warm up on the skeletal system?
Increased range of movement around a joint
Increased pliability (stretchiness) of ligaments and tendons
