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Sports - Unit 1: Body systems and physical activity > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of skeleton?

A

Appendicular
Axial

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2
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium
Ribs/ Rib cage
Vertebral Column
Manubrium
Sternum
Mandible

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3
Q

What’s the function of the axal skeleton?

A

To provide support and protection to the organs

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4
Q

What bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Carpals
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Patella
Pelvic Girdle

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5
Q

What’s the function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

To grasp and manipulate objects (upper limbs)
To permit location (lower limbs)

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6
Q

Name of the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Name of the skull?

A

Cranium

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8
Q

Name of upper arm bone?

A

Humerus

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9
Q

Name of jaw bone?

A

Mandible

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10
Q

Name of wrist bone?

A

Carpals

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11
Q

Bones between ribs?

A

Manubrium
Sternum

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12
Q

Name of forearm bones? Which ones where?

A

Radius - side of the thumb
Ulna - side of the pinkie

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13
Q

Name of leg bones? Which ones where?

A

Femur - thigh
Patella - knee cap
Tibia - shin
Fibula - calf

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14
Q

Name of shoulder blades?

A

Scapula

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15
Q

Name of hand bones? Which ones where?

A

Carpals - wrist
Metacarpals - palm
Phalanges - fingers

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16
Q

Name of feet bones? Which ones where?

A

Talus - ankle
Tarsals - lower area of foot
Metatarsals - middle area of foot
Phalanges - toes

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17
Q

Name of pelvis bone?

A

Pelvic girdle

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18
Q

Areas of pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium - top
Pubis - middle
Ischium - bottom

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19
Q

What’s in the Vertebral Column? Which ones where?

A

Cervical Vertebrae - top
Thoracic vertebrae - middle
Lumbar vertebrae - bottom
Sacrum - below in between pelvic girdle
Coccyx - below sacrum

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20
Q

Name of neck bone?

A

Cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

Name of back bone?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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22
Q

Name of lower back bone?

A

Lumbar vertebrae?

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23
Q

What’s the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

Movement
Support
Shape
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells
Protection

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24
Q

What’s the shape function?

A

Provides human shape and height of a person

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25
Q

What’s the support function?

A

Keeps the body upright

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26
Q

What’s the mineral storage function?

A

bones are made of minerals so act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorus

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27
Q

What’s the production of blood cells function?

A

certain bones contain red bone marrow and it produces red + white blood cells and platelets

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28
Q

What’s the movement function?

A

Allows movement of the body as a whole an individually

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29
Q

What’s the protection function?

A

bones protect internal organs and reduce risk of injury

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30
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A

Short
Long
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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31
Q

Shape of short bones?

A

short almost cubic

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32
Q

Shape of long bones?

A

longer than they are wide

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33
Q

Shape of flat bones?

A

flatter than they are wide

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34
Q

Shape of irregular bones?

A

don’t fit into any other category

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35
Q

Shape of sesamoid bones?

A

similar to short bones but within a tendon

36
Q

Examples of short bones? Function? How?

A

Tarsals and Carpals
Provide stability
Due to shape

37
Q

Examples of long bones? Function? How?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, fibula, tibia, phalanges, metacarpals and, metatarsals
Provide movement and structure
Due to length

38
Q

Examples of flat bones? Function? How?

A

Cranium, ribs, scapula, sternum
Protects internal organs
Due to size and shape, acts as a shield

39
Q

Examples of irregular bones? Function? How?

A

Vertebrae and Sacrum
Provide protection
Due to complex shape

40
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones? Function? How?

A

Patella
Decrease friction and protect tendons
By redistributing forces through muscles due to being within a tendon

41
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Fixed or Fused
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

42
Q

Definition of a fixed/fused joint?

A

Allows no movement
Important for growth and development

43
Q

Definition of a cartilaginous joint?

A

Joins bones together with cartilage only
Allows some movement

44
Q

Definition of a synovial joint?

A

Freely moveable
Allows great range of movement

45
Q

What are the 6 synovial joints?

A

Hinge
Ball and Socket
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Gliding

46
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Pivot joint?

A

S - a cylinder shaped bone that rotates inside another bone that forms a ring around it
F - allows rotation
L - neck, wrist and radius-ulna

47
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Hinge joint?

A

S - a cylinder shaped bone that moves inside another bone that forms a semicircle around it
F - allows flexion and extension
L - elbow, knee, phalanges,

48
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Gliding joint?

A

S - a bone contacting another bone
F - allows bones to glide past one another, rotation
L - ankles, wrists, spine

49
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Condyloid joint?

A

S - a spherical bone within a cup shaped bone
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
L - wrist, toes, fingers

50
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Saddle joint?

A

S - a convex bone within a concave bone
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
L - thumb and clavicle

51
Q

What’s the structure, function, and location of a Ball and Socket joint?

A

S - a spherical bone within a bone with a rounded depression
F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
L - shoulders and hips

52
Q

What is the structure features in a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Ligaments
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Menisci
Pads of fat
Bursae
Joint capsule

53
Q

Function of the Hyaline Cartilage?

A

A hard smooth surface that covers ends of bones
Allows bones to move without friction due to smooth glossy consistency

54
Q

Function of the Ligaments?

A

Holds 2 ends of bones together and a very strong but elastic
Ensure stability but allow movement of the joint

55
Q

Function of the Synovial membrane?

A

A layer that lines the synovial joint
Produces and stores synovial fluid

56
Q

Function of the Synovial fluid?

A

Thick white fluid that helps to reduce friction

57
Q

Function of the Menisci?

A

Pads of tissue between the cartilage and within the synovial fluid
Act as shock absorbers reducing impact on bone ends

58
Q

Function of pads of fat?

A

Act as friction reducers

59
Q

Function of the Bursae?

A

Small sacks of fluid located where skin, ligaments or bones could cause friction

60
Q

Function of the Joint capsule?

A

Protective layers around a joint

61
Q

Example of a cartilaginous joint?

A

Vertebral column

62
Q

How many vertebrae in the vertebral column?

A

26
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5, fused
Coccyx - 4, fused

63
Q

Function of the Vertebral column?

A

Protection of the spinal cord
Attachment for muscles
Provides support and aids with balancing

64
Q

How does movement occur?

A

Through joints
Through ligaments and tendons
Through muscles attached to the skeleton

65
Q

Ligament and Tendon characteristics?

A

Very strong
Flexible
Resistant to damage

66
Q

Difference between Ligaments and Tendons?

A

L - Link bone to bone
T - Link bone to muscle

67
Q

What is Flexion?

A

Minimising joint angle
e.g. bending elbow

68
Q

What is Extension?

A

Maximising joint angle
e.g. straightening elbow

69
Q

What is Abduction?

A

movement away from the bodies midline

70
Q

What is Adduction?

A

movement towards the bodies midline

71
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

Moving joint around in a circle

72
Q

What is Rotation?

A

Moving joint around within the confines of an axial plane

73
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

Toes pointing upwards

74
Q

What is Plantarflexion?

A

Toes pointing downwards

75
Q

What is pronation?

A

Palms facing downwards

76
Q

What is Supination?

A

Palms facing upwards

77
Q

What is Horizontal flexion?

A

Moving forearm across the body

78
Q

What is Horizontal extension?

A

Moving forearm away from the body

79
Q

What is Horizontal abduction?

A

Moving arm away from the front of the body

80
Q

What is horizontal adduction?

A

Moving arm in front of the body

81
Q

What is Medial Rotation?

A

Turning limb inwards

82
Q

What is Lateral Rotation?

A

Turning limb outwards

83
Q

What is Lateral flexion?

A

Moving body to the side/ sideways

84
Q

Long term effects of the skeletal system?

A

Increased bone density
Bones heal quicker
More calcium in the bone
Increased mineral content
Stronger ligaments
Reduced risk of injury

85
Q

Short term effects of the skeletal system?

A

Ligaments get warmer and more stretchy
Reduced risk of injury
Increased range of movement at joints

86
Q

Effects of a warm up on the skeletal system?

A

Increased range of movement around a joint
Increased pliability (stretchiness) of ligaments and tendons

Sports - Unit 1: Body systems and physical activity (4 decks)

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