Muscular System Flashcards
What are the muscles acting at the shoulder joint?
Trapezius - upper shoulder
Deltoid - shoulder
Latissimus dorsi - middle back
Pectoralis major - chest
Teres major - behind the shoulder
What are the muscles acting at the elbow joint?
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
What are the muscles acting at the radio-ulnar joint?
Pronator teres - back of forearm
Supinator muscle - front of forearm
What are the muscles acting at the wrist joint?
Wrist flexors
Wrist extensors
What are the muscles acting at the vertebral column joint?
Rectus abdominus - abs
Erector spinae - lower back
Internal and external obliques
What are the muscles acting at the hip joint?
Iliopsoas - pelvis
Gluteus maximus - main area of the bum
Gluteus medius - upper part of the bum
Gluteus minimus - underneath maximus and medius
Adductor longus - middle inner thigh
Adductor brevis - top inner thigh
Adductor magnus - bottom inner thigh
What are the muscles acting at the knee joint?
Quadricep:
Rectus Femoris - quad front
Vastus Medialis - inner quad
Vastus Intermedius - quad middle
Vastus Lateralis - outer quad
Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris - outer hamstring
Semimembranosus - inner hamstring
Semitendinosus - front hamstring
What are the muscles acting at the ankle?
Tibialis Anterior - shin
Gastrocnemius - calf
Soleus - back of ankle
What are the 3 types of muscles function?
Antagonist
Agonist
Fixator
What is an Agonist?
Muscles responsible for the movement
What is an Antagonist?
Muscles that relax in response to the active muscle
What is a Fixator?
Muscles that help to stabilise the joint
What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?
Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric
What is an isometric contraction?
Contractions that happen when a movement is stationary
e.g. handstand
What is a concentric contraction?
When muscles shorten under tension
e.g. bicep curl
What is an eccentric contraction?
When muscles lengthen under tension
e.g. press up
What are voluntary muscles?
Muscles under conscious control
What are involuntary muscles?
Muscles not under conscious control
What are the muscle fibre types?
Type 1 - slow twitch/ slow oxidative
Type 2a - fast twitch/ fast oxidative
Type 2b - fast twitch/ fast glycolytic
What is Hypertrophy?
Becomes bigger
What is Hyperplasia?
number of muscle fibres increasing
Type 1 muscle fibres
Slow twitch/ slow oxidative
Red in colour due to high myoglobin
Resistant to fatigue
Capable of producing large amounts of ATP
e.g. Marathon runner
Type 2a muscle fibres
fast twitch/ fast oxidative
Combination of type 1 and 2b
Red in colour due to high myoglobin
Split ATP fast by using aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
Fast, strong muscles contractions
e.g. 400m sprinter
Type 2b muscle fibres
Fast twitch/ fast glycolytic
White in colour due to low myoglobin
Produce ATP slowly by anaerobic metabolism
High fatigue
Short bursts of power
Can be trained into type 2a fibres
e.g. 100m sprinter
Short term effects of the muscular system?
+ increased blood flow
+ increased energy availability
+ increased muscle temperature
+ increased muscle flexibility
- increased chance in muscle soreness
- fatigue
- myoglobin in muscles become depleted
Long term effects of the muscular system?
+ increased muscle fibre thickness
+ increased strength and speed of contractions
+ increased number of muscle fibres
+ increased availability of fuel source
+ fibres develop bigger capillary beds
- overuse injuries
Effects of a warm up on the muscular system?
Reduced risk of injury
Increased muscle flexibility
Improved circulation
Enhanced performance
Effects of a cool down on the muscular system?
Reduced muscle stiffness and pain
Reduced risk of injury
