Skeletal system

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Blood cell production, Muscle attachment, Mineral storage, Joints for movement, Protection of vital organs.

Question 2

What is blood cell production? Give an example.

Answer 2

Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are found here.
For example, red blood cells are important for long distance runners as they supply oxygen to the muscles meaning they can run for longer.

Question 3

What is muscle attachment? Give an example.

Answer 3

Muscles attached to bones by tendons can move bones at joints.
For example to shoot in netball you need to bend your arms to give more power to the ball.

Question 4

What is mineral storage? Give an example.

Answer 4

Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus. These help with bone strength.
For example, a goalkeeper diving for the ball in football. Strong bones prevent fractures or breaks.

Question 5

What is joints for movement? Give an example.

Answer 5

Joints are where 2 or more bones meet and enable the otherwise rigid skeleton to move.
For example, there is a hinge joint on your knee allowing you to kick a ball in football.

Question 6

What is protection of vital organs? Give an example.

Answer 6

Bons act as a rigid shell to protect delicate internal organs during sport.
For example the cranium protects the brain when heading a ball in football.

Question 7

What are the 4 different types of bones?

Answer 7

Long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones.

Question 8

What are long bones?
Give an example.

Answer 8

Long bones are strong and act as levers so are used by muscles to assist movement.
Examples, Metatarsals, femur, humerus
Sport example, the femur and tibia allow us to run.

Question 9

What are short bones?
Give an example.

Answer 9

Short bones support the wight of the body. They are weight-bearing and shock absorbers.
Examples, Carpals and tarsals.
Sport example, the carpals in a gymnasts hand support their weight when doing a handstand.

Question 10

What are flat bones?
Give an example.

Answer 10

Flat bones protect the internal organs.
Example, sternum, cranium, ribs
Sport example, the cranium protects the brain when a footballer heads the ball.

Question 11

What are irregular bones?
Give an example.

Answer 11

Irregular bones are suited to protection and muscle attachment.
Example, the vertebral column. (vertebrae)
Sport example, The muscles attached to the vertebrae allow a high jumper to arch their back to get over the bar.

Question 12

What is the structure of the vertebral column?

Answer 12

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)

Question 13

What are the 4 types of joints?

Answer 13

Pivot, Hinge, Ball and socket, Condyloid

Question 14

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 14

Hinge joints are found at your elbow, knee and ankle. They only allow flexion and extension.

Question 15

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

Ball and socket joints are found at the shoulder and hip. They allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.

Question 16

What is a condyloid joint?

Answer 16

A condyloid joint is found at the wrist. They allow flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.

Question 17

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 17

A pivot joint is found at the neck (atlas and axis). It allows only rotation.
Sporting example, a swimmer rotating their neck to take a breath.

Question 18

What are the 8 different kinds of joint movement?

Answer 18

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, dorsi-flexion, plantar-flexion.

Question 19

What is flexion?
Give an example.

Answer 19

Decreasing the angle at a joint.
Example: The elbow flexes when performing a bicep curl.

Question 20

What is extension?
Give an example.

Answer 20

Increasing the angle at a joint.
Example: Extension at the knee when shooting in football.

Question 21

What is circumduction?
Give an example.

Answer 21

Moving a part of the body in a circular motion.
Example: Bowling in cricket (shoulder)

Question 22

What is rotation?
Give an example.

Answer 22

Movement around a single axis or pivot point.
Example: Swimming when taking a breath (neck)

Question 23

What is adduction?
Give an example.

Answer 23

Moving towards the midline of the body.
Example: Gymnast landing a straddle jump.

Question 24

What is abduction?
Give an example.

Answer 24

Moving away from the midline of the body.
Example: Gymnast performing a straddle jump.

Question 25

What is dorsi-flexion?
Give an example.

Answer 25

Bending or flexing toes up, closer to the shin.
Example: Sprinter positioning their feet on the starting blocks.

Question 26

What is plantar-flexion?
Give an example.

Answer 26

Extending or pointing toes down, away from the shin.
Example: Gymnast pointing toes.

Question 27

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

Answer 27

Cartilage, Ligaments and tendons.

Question 28

What are ligaments?

Answer 28

Ligaments are tough fibrous bands that connect bone to bone. They help to maintain the stability of the skeleton, holds bones together and prevents bones from dislocating.

Question 29

What are tendons?

Answer 29

Tendons attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract.

Question 30

What is cartilage?

Answer 30

Cartilage is a smooth substance on the ends of the bones, to prevent friction and damage of bones rubbing together.