Muscular system

Question 1

What are the different types of muscles?

Answer 1

Smooth (Involuntary), Cardiac muscle and skeletal (voluntary) muscle.

Question 2

What are the features of the cardiac muscle?

Answer 2

Involuntary
Found in the heart
Contracts regularly, continuously and without tiring.
Works automatically but is under constant nervous and chemical control.

Question 3

What are the features of skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

Voluntary
Under our conscious control, we choose to use them.
Each muscle has a specific function (to move one body part in one certain way)
Example: the function of the bicep is flexion of the arm at the elbow, shooting in basketball.

Question 4

What are the features of smooth muscle?

Answer 4

Involuntary
Not under our conscious control
Example: Digestive system

Question 5

What are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 5

Antagonistic pairs of muscles create opposing movements at joints.

Question 6

What is the agonist?

Answer 6

The agonist is the muscle that contracts and shortens allowing the movement to happen.
Example: In a bicep curl the agonist is the bicep.

Question 7

What is the antagonist?

Answer 7

The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes and lengthens allowing the movement to happen.
Example: In a bicep curl the antagonist is the tricep.

Question 8

What is the synergist?

Answer 8

The synergist is a muscle that works in conjunction with a primer muscle mover (agonist).
Example: in a bicep curl the agonist is the bicep and the synergist is the deltoid.

Question 9

What are the different types of muscle fibres?

Answer 9

Type I , Type IIA, Type IIX

Question 10

What are the advantages and disadvantages of type I muscle fibres?

Answer 10

P: Slow twitch, extremely efficient at using oxygen, highly resistant to fatigue, high aerobic capacity.
N: Low speed of contraction , low anaerobic capacity.

Example: 10k running, marathon running, jogging into position in team games, long distance cycling.

Question 11

What are the advantages and disadvantages of type IIA muscle fibres?

Answer 11

P: Fast twitch, work anaerobically, good speed and strength endurance, higher speed and force of contraction than type 1.
N: Not as powerful as type IIX, less resistant to fatigue than type I.

Example: 800m running, 100m- 400m swimming.

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of type IIX muscle fibres?

Answer 12

P: Very fast twitch. Extremely fast contractions, work anaerobically for a very short period of time.
N: No resistance to fatigue, unable to use oxygen.

Example:100m sprinter, throwing, kicking, jumping. Short explosive actions.