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skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

ligament

A

flexible band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone

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2
Q

cartilage

A

tough, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones and decreases friction

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3
Q

bone marrow

A

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones which produces blood cells

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4
Q

medullary cavity

A

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

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5
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones

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7
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

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8
Q

spongy bone

A

located toward the end of long bone; contains small open spaces which lightens bone

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9
Q

innervated

A

contains nerve fibers

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10
Q

vascular

A

contains blood vessels

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11
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

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12
Q

osteoblast

A

cells that make bone

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13
Q

osteoclast

A

cell that breaks down bone

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14
Q

chondrocyte

A

mature cartilage cell

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15
Q

osteon

A

unit of compact bone; made up of concentric circles called Haversian canals

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16
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate, made of cartilage found near the ends of long bones; gradually turns to bone as the skeleton matures

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17
Q

bone remodeling

A

ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

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18
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone that stimulates calcium release from bones

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19
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone that increases the deposition of calcium into the bones

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20
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone with no break in the skin

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21
Q

open fracture

A

broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin

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22
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone breaks into many fragments

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23
Q

greenstick fracture

A

only one side of the bone shaft is broken, and the other is bent; most often seen in children

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24
Q

transverse fracture

A

break is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

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25
compression fracture
fracture in which the bone collapses especially in short bones such as vertebrae
26
stress fracture
small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
27
spiral fracture
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
28
hematoma
localized swelling filled with blood
29
bony callus
osteoblasts produce a mass of spongy bone and convert the fibrocartilage to a bony callus as a fracture heals
30
cervical
vertebrae of the neck
31
thoracic
vertebrae of the chest or thorax
32
lumbar
vertebrae of the lower back
33
sacrum
wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae connecting the two pelvic bones
34
coccyx
tail-bone
35
suture
immovable joint that connects the bones of the skull
36
mandible
lower jaw bone
37
maxilla
upper jaw bone
38
frontal bone
forms the forehead
39
parietal bones
two bones on the side and top of the skull
40
temporal bones
two bones that form the lateral aspects and floor of the skull
41
occipital bone
bone found at the back and base of the skull
42
intervertebral discs
fibrous cartilage between vertebrae which provide shock absorption and flexibility
43
costal cartilage
cartilage that connects the sternum and the ends of the ribs
44
pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula; anchors the upper limb
45
pelvic girdle
pelvis; anchors the lower limb
46
sternum
breast bone; between the ribs
47
clavicle
collar bone; links the scapula and sternum
48
scapula
shoulder blade
49
humerus
upper arm bone
50
radius
forearm bone on the thumb side
51
ulna
forearm bone on the pinkie finger side
52
carpals
wrist bones
53
metacarpals
bones of the palm of the hand
54
phalanges
top section of hands and feet
55
coxal bone
hip or pelvic bone; consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis
56
femur
thigh bone
57
tibia
medial, thicker bone of the lower leg; shin
58
fibula
lateral, thinner bone of the lower leg
59
patella
knee cap
60
tarsals
ankle bones
61
metatarsals
bones forming the arch of the foot
62
synovial joint
freely movable joint containing a cavity filled with synovial fluid
63
fontanelle
soft membranous spot between the skull bones of an infant
64
zygomatic
cheekbone
65
articular
pertaining to a joint
66
abduction
movement away from the midline
67
adduction
movement toward the midline
68
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
69
circumlocution
circular movement of a limb at the far end
70
depression
lowering a body part
71
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
72
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
73
elevation
raising a body part
74
endosteum
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
75
ethmoid bone
forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium
75
epiphysis
end of a long bone
76
eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
77
external rotation
rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline
78
flexion
decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together
79
Haversian canal
channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves
80
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose
81
internal rotation
rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline
82
inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward
83
joint capsule
connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity and retains the fluid
84
meniscus
cartilage disc in the knee that absorbs shock and cushions joint
85
nasal bone
forms the bridge of the nose
86
periosteum
double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes bone
87
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
88
protraction
moving a body part forward
89
reduction
putting a bone back into alignment
90
retraction
moving a part backward
91
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
92
sphenoid bone
bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together
93
supination
movement that turns the palm up
94
pronation
turning the palm downward
95
synovial fluid
joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
96
trabecular
irregular latticework of thin bony plates in spongy bone tissue
97
vomer
forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
98
collagen
protein found in bones and cartilage which gives them flexibility
99
growth hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones
100
interstitial growth
growth in length of bones
101
appositional growth
growth in width or thickness of bones
102
endochondral ossification
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage during fetal development
103
hyoid bone
bone in the neck that serves as a base for the tongue and does not articulate with any other bone
104
immobilization
stabilization, fastening the bone in a fixed position with pins, plates, or a cast
105
synarthrosis
immovable joint
106
amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
107
diarthrosis
freely movable joint
108
multiaxial
movement of a joint in or around all three planes
109
uniaxial
movement of a joint in one plane
110
coronal suture
suture between the parietal and frontal bones
111
sagittal suture
suture between the two parietal bones
112
squamous suture
suture between parietal and temporal bones
113
lambdoid suture
suture between parietal bones and occipital bone
114
anterior fontenelles
is a soft spot on a baby's head that's located at the top and near the front
115
posterior fontenelles
a soft, triangular gap in a baby's skull that's located at the back of the head where the parietal and occipital bones meet
116

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