ch 4 the tissue lvl

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

is a group of cells
- common embryonic cells
- function together to carry out specialized activities

Question 2

what are the 4 types of tissue

Answer 2

1) Epithelial
2) connective
3) Muscular
4) Nervous

Question 3

epithelial tissue

Answer 3

• covers the body surfaces
• lines hollow organs, body cavities, duct
• forms glands

Question 4

connective tissue

Answer 4

• protects, supports, and binds organs
• stores energy as fat, provides immunity

Question 5

muscular tissue

Answer 5

• generates physical force to make body structures move
• generates body heat

Question 6

nervous tissue

Answer 6

• detect changes in the body and responds by generating nerve impulses

Question 7

3 major functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

1) selective barrier
2) secretory surfaces
3) protective surfaces

Question 8

Selective barrier

Answer 8

regulates the movement of materials in and out of the body

Question 9

secretory surfaces

Answer 9

that releases products onto the free surfaces

Question 10

Apical (free) surface (a general feature of Epithelial Cells)

Answer 10

Faces the body surface, body cavity, lumen, or duct

Question 11

Lateral surfaces (a general feature of Epithelial Cells)

Answer 11

Faces adjacent cells

Question 12

Basal surface (a general feature of Epithelial Cells)

Answer 12

adhere to extracellular materials (basement membrane)

Question 13

Basement membrane (a general feature of Epithelial Cells)

Answer 13

• Thin extracellular layer
• point of attachment and support for overlying epithelial tissue

Question 14

Epithelial Tissues

Answer 14

• Have a nerve supply
• Avascular
• Blood vessels in the connective tissue bring in nutrients and eliminate waste
• High rate of cell division for renew and repair

Question 15

Epithelium

Answer 15

Covering and lining epithelium
- Outer covering of skin and some internal organs

Glandular epithelium
- Secreting portion of glands

Question 16

Covering and Lining Epithelium is normally classified according to what

Answer 16

• Arrangement of cells into layers
• Shapes of cells

Question 17

Arrangement of epithelial cells in layers

Answer 17

1) simple epithelium
2) Pseudostratified epithelium
3) Stratified epithelium

Question 18

Stratified epithelium

Answer 18

• two or more layers of cells
• protection

Question 19

Pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 19

• Appear to have multiple layers
• nuclei at different levels

Question 20

Simple epithelium

Answer 20

• Single layer of cells
• function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

Question 21

Cells vary in shape depending on their function like ?

Answer 21

1) squamous
2) cuboidal

Question 22

squamous

Answer 22

Thin cells, arranged like floor tiles

Question 23

cuboidal

Answer 23

• Function in secretion or absorption
• shaped like cubes

Question 24

what are the shapes of the epithelial cells

Answer 24

1) Columnar
2) Transitional

Question 25

Columnar

Answer 25

- like columns - May have cilia or microvilli - secretion and absorption

Question 26

transitional

Answer 26

- Cells change shape, transition from flat to cuboidal Ex: urinary bladder

Question 27

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 27

- Single layer of flattened cells - Found at sites for filtration or diffusion

Question 28

Covering and Lining Epithelium - Endothelium

Answer 28

- simple squamous that lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Question 29

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 29

cells that are flat in the apical layer - New cells are pushed up toward apical layer - As cells move further from the blood supply they dehydrate, harden, and die Keratinized form contain the fibrous protein keratin - Found in superficial layers of the skin Nonkeratinized form does not contain keratin - Found in mouth and esophagus

Question 30

Glandular Epithelium: Endocrine Glands

Answer 30

- Secretions, called hormones, diffuse directly into the bloodstream

Question 31

Glandular Epithelium: Exocrine Glands

Answer 31

Secrete products into ducts that empty onto the surfaces of epithelium

Question 32

Connective Tissue

Answer 32

Most abundant tissues in the body Numerous functions - Binds tissues together - Supports tissue - Protects and insulates organs - transport - Energy reserves and immune responses