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pdhpe: core 2 > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the bones in the axial skeleton?

A

to protect the major organs

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2
Q

what is the role of the bones in the appendicular skeleton?

A

to create movement and produce/store minerals and blood cells

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3
Q

give 5 examples of the bones in the axial skeleton.

A
  • cranium
  • rib cage
  • mandible
  • sterum
  • verterbral column
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4
Q

give 5 examples of the bones in the appendicular skeleton.

A
  • femur
  • ulna and radius
  • phalanges
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • tarsals
  • metatarsals
  • clavicle
  • scapula
  • humerus
  • tibula and fibula
  • pelvic girdle
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5
Q

what bones are in the vertebral column (in order)?

A

from the top:
- cervical spine (C1-C7)
- thoracic spine (T1-T12)
- lumbar spine (L1-L5)
- sacral (S1-S5)
- tailbone

(think Cereal, Tacos, Lollipop, Steak!)

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6
Q

what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. protect vital organs
  2. produce movement
  3. maintain the structure/shape of the body
  4. storage of minerals
  5. production of blood cells in bone marrow
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7
Q

what are the three types of joints (we learnt at school)?

A
  1. synovial
  2. fibrous
  3. cartilaginous
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8
Q

what are the four types of bones?

A
  1. short
  2. long
  3. flat
  4. irregular
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9
Q

give 2 examples of short bones

A
  • carpals
  • tarsals
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10
Q

give three examples of long bones

A
  • humerus
  • radius and ulna
  • femur
  • tibula and fibula
  • phalanges
  • metacarpals
  • metatarsals
  • clavicle
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11
Q

give three examples of flat bones

A
  • cranium
  • pelvic girdle
  • sternum
  • ribe cage
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12
Q

medially definition

A

towards the centreline of the body

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13
Q

give three examples of irregular bones

A
  • sacrum
  • vertebral column
  • mandible
  • coccyx
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14
Q

laterally definition

A

away from the centreline of the body

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15
Q

what are the six types of synovial joints?

A
  1. plane joint
  2. hinge joint
  3. ball and socket joint
  4. pivot joint
  5. saddle joint
  6. condyloid joint
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16
Q

what is a pivot joint and provide examples.

A
  • a cylindrical bone can provide rotary movement around a single axis.
  • e.g. in the neck and on the sides of the radius and ulna
17
Q

what is a hinge joint and provide examples.

A
  • bones move in only one direction
  • allows movement along one plane
  • provides extension and flexion
  • e.g. elbow, knees, phalanges
18
Q

what is a saddle joint and provide examples.

A
  • provides a wide range of movement
  • allows movement on two planes - flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.
  • there are only three saddle joint
  • e.g. thumb, shoulder and ear
19
Q

what is a ball and socket joint and provide examples?

A
  • rounded bones surface connects within hollow on another bones
  • allows a range of movement with a couple limits
  • provides the most movement out of the synovial joints
  • abduction, adduction, circumdation, rotation
  • e.g. shoulder, hips
20
Q

flexion definition

A
  • when the angle between two body segments decreases across the joint.
  • usually occurs in sagittal joint
    e.g. flexion of the elbow
21
Q

extension definition

A
  • when the angle between two body segments increases across the joint
  • usually occurs in sagittal joint
    e.g. extension of the elbow
22
Q

abduction definition

A
  • when a body part moves away from the body laterally
  • usually occurs in the frontal plane
    e.g. shoulder abduction
23
Q

adduction definition

A
  • when a body part moves towards the body medially
  • usually occurs in the frontal plane
    e.g. shoulder adduction
24
Q

circumdation definition

A
  • a limb extended from a joint moves 360 degrees controlled
    e.g. circumdation of the shoulder
25
Q

dorsi flexion definition

A
  • specific to the foot
  • when the foot flexes towards the tibialis anterior
26
Q

plantar flexion definition

A
  • specific to the foot
  • when the foot flexes away from the tibialis anterior
27
Q

supination definition

A

when the hand rotates, palm upwards.

28
Q

pronation definition

A

when the hand rotates, palm downwards

29
Q

inversion definition

A

when the plantar surface of the foot turns medially

30
Q

eversion definition

A

when the plantar surface of the foot turns laterally

pdhpe: core 2 (7 decks)

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