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Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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2
Q

What are the two sections of the skeleton?

A

Axial and appendicular

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3
Q

What is included in the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium, thorax and vertebral column

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4
Q

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pelvis, upper and lower extremities

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5
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage of minerals
Blood cell formation

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6
Q

What are the shapes of bone?

A

Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone

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7
Q

What is the gross anatomy of bone?

A

Compact bone- dense outer layer
Spongy bone- porous inner bone
Bone marrow- soft connective tissue that produces blood cells
Periosteum- tough fibrous membrane that covers and protects outer bone

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8
Q

What is ossification?

A

(Osteogenesis) Bone resorption and formation triggered by calcium and phosphorus in the blood

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9
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

The cells that trigger bone formation

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10
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

The cells that trigger bone resorption

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11
Q

What are epiphyseal plates?

A

Growth plates. Where the cartilaginous matrix occurs in bone development

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12
Q

What are the types of bone fractures?

A

Greenstick- partial break
Spiral- caused by twisting motion
Comminuted- splintered break
Transverse- break along the transverse plane
Compound- breaks skin
Compression- caused by crushing forces

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13
Q

What is a bone fracture?

A

Any loss of continuity in bone

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14
Q

What is the healing process of bone?

A

Inflammation- blood clots at fracture site
Bone production- clotted blood replaced by fibrous tissue and cartilage (soft callus)
Bone remodeling- bone continues to form and returns to original shape

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15
Q

What is a bone bruise?

A

Bleeding and swelling in the central cavity of the bone

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16
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

17
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

A dense tissue membrane surrounding cartilage

18
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Most prevalent type
Flexible yet resilient
Covers the end of bone, connects ribs to sternum, skeleton of larynx, supports external nose

19
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

More elastic than hyaline
Found in external ear and epiglottis

20
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Highly compressible but lots of tensile strength
Thick pad like structures such as meniscus and vertebral discs

21
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A

Cranium and mandible

22
Q

What are the names of the sutures in the skull?

A

Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

23
Q

What are fontanelle?

A

Soft spots or spaces between the cranial bones

24
Q

Describe the bones of the spinal column.

A

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum- 5 fused sacral vertebrae

Coccyx- 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

25
Q

Describe the bones of the rib cage.

A

24 ribs
1-7 fixed/true
8-12 false
11-12 floating
Sternum
Costal cartilage
12 thoracic vertebrae

26
Q

What are the bones in the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

27
Q

What are the bones in the arm and forearm?

A

Humerous, ulna, radius

28
Q

What are the bones in the hand?

A

16 carpals
10 metacarpals
28 phalanges
4 sesamoid

29
Q

What are the fused bones in the pelvis?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

30
Q

What are the bones on the legs?

A

Femur, patella, tibia (shin), fibula

31
Q

What are the bones in the feet?

A

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges and sesamoid

32
Q

What are osteons?

A

The structural units of bone composed of layers of bony tissue called lamellae.

33
Q

What are long bones?

A

Longer than they are wide
Femur, humerous, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna

34
Q

What are short bones?

A

Equal in width and length
Trapezoid (wrist bone), carpals, tarsals

35
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Neither flat nor long
Pelvis, vertebrae, some facial bones

36
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Curved and protect soft organs
Scapula, sternum, ribs

37
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Bones embedded in tendon
Patella

Anatomy (7 decks)

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