Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the body?
206
What are the two sections of the skeleton?
Axial and appendicular
What is included in the axial skeleton?
Cranium, thorax and vertebral column
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
Pelvis, upper and lower extremities
What are the functions of bone?
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage of minerals
Blood cell formation
What are the shapes of bone?
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone
What is the gross anatomy of bone?
Compact bone- dense outer layer
Spongy bone- porous inner bone
Bone marrow- soft connective tissue that produces blood cells
Periosteum- tough fibrous membrane that covers and protects outer bone
What is ossification?
(Osteogenesis) Bone resorption and formation triggered by calcium and phosphorus in the blood
What are osteoblasts?
The cells that trigger bone formation
What are osteoclasts?
The cells that trigger bone resorption
What are epiphyseal plates?
Growth plates. Where the cartilaginous matrix occurs in bone development
What are the types of bone fractures?
Greenstick- partial break
Spiral- caused by twisting motion
Comminuted- splintered break
Transverse- break along the transverse plane
Compound- breaks skin
Compression- caused by crushing forces
What is a bone fracture?
Any loss of continuity in bone
What is the healing process of bone?
Inflammation- blood clots at fracture site
Bone production- clotted blood replaced by fibrous tissue and cartilage (soft callus)
Bone remodeling- bone continues to form and returns to original shape
What is a bone bruise?
Bleeding and swelling in the central cavity of the bone
What are the types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
What is perichondrium?
A dense tissue membrane surrounding cartilage
What is hyaline cartilage?
Most prevalent type
Flexible yet resilient
Covers the end of bone, connects ribs to sternum, skeleton of larynx, supports external nose
What is elastic cartilage?
More elastic than hyaline
Found in external ear and epiglottis
What is fibrocartilage?
Highly compressible but lots of tensile strength
Thick pad like structures such as meniscus and vertebral discs
What are the two parts of the cranium?
Cranium and mandible
What are the names of the sutures in the skull?
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
What are fontanelle?
Soft spots or spaces between the cranial bones
Describe the bones of the spinal column.
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum- 5 fused sacral vertebrae
Coccyx- 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
Describe the bones of the rib cage.
24 ribs
1-7 fixed/true
8-12 false
11-12 floating
Sternum
Costal cartilage
12 thoracic vertebrae
What are the bones in the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
What are the bones in the arm and forearm?
Humerous, ulna, radius
What are the bones in the hand?
16 carpals
10 metacarpals
28 phalanges
4 sesamoid
What are the fused bones in the pelvis?
Ilium, ischium, pubis
What are the bones on the legs?
Femur, patella, tibia (shin), fibula
What are the bones in the feet?
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges and sesamoid
What are osteons?
The structural units of bone composed of layers of bony tissue called lamellae.
What are long bones?
Longer than they are wide
Femur, humerous, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna
What are short bones?
Equal in width and length
Trapezoid (wrist bone), carpals, tarsals
What are irregular bones?
Neither flat nor long
Pelvis, vertebrae, some facial bones
What are flat bones?
Curved and protect soft organs
Scapula, sternum, ribs
What are sesamoid bones?
Bones embedded in tendon
Patella
