Joints And Joint Structures

Question 1

What are the structural classifications of joints?

Answer 1

Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

Question 2

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 2

Joints that are held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue
Little to no motion
Sutures of the skull, articulation between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula

Question 3

What are syndesmosis?

Answer 3

Slightly moveable fibrous joints
Typically found between long bones
Tibia and fibula, radius and ulna

Question 4

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 4

Bones connected by cartilage
Little to no motion
Pubis symphysis, costo-condral joints of ribs, vertebral discs, epiphyseal plates

Question 5

What are synovial joints?

Answer 5

Most moveable
Ends of bone covered with articulate cartilage, joint cavity separating bones, joint capsule enclose joint, lined with synovial membrane secrete synovial fluid
Hip, shoulder, elbow, knee

Question 6

What are the structures in a synovial joint?

Answer 6

Articulating bones
Joint capsule- fibrous capsule, connect outer layer of the ends of bones
Synovial membrane- loose connective tissue, contains elastin and fatty tissue
Meniscus- “cartilage”, pads that fit bones whose shape don’t match fit together snugly
Ligaments- hold bones together at joint
Bursae- sac-like structures that reduce friction

Question 7

What are the types of joint movement?

Answer 7

Uniplanar- elbow, knee
Biplanar- finger
Multiplanar- hip, shoulder

Question 8

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 8

Hinge
Ball and socket
Saddle
Pivot
Plane (gliding)
Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

Question 9

Describe plane/gliding joints.

Answer 9

Uni axial side to side movement
Articulate surfaces are flat
Clavicle and scapula, intertarsal and inter carpal joints

Question 10

Describe ellipsoidal/condyloid joints.

Answer 10

Biaxial movement in two directions
Surfaces are oval concave/convex
Metacarpal and phalanges, Atlanta occipital joint

Question 11

Describe ball and socket joints.

Answer 11

Multiaxial
One end rounded, one end articulates into a cup like socket
Hip, shoulder

Question 12

Describe hinge joints.

Answer 12

Uniaxial
Convex surface fits into concave depression
Elbow, knee

Question 13

Describe saddle joints.

Answer 13

Biaxial
Concave/ convex surfaces like a saddle
Thumb

Question 14

Describe pivot joints.

Answer 14

Uniaxial
Articular bone with rounded surface fits into ring of ligament on other bone
Proximal radial/ulnar joint, c1 c2 joint (head shake no)

Question 15

What are the groups of movement in synovial joints?

Answer 15

Gliding, angular, circumduction, rotation