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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Action: elevates mandible

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2
Q

Occipitalis

A

Origin: lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line external protuberance
Insertion: galea aponeurosis
Action: draws back the scalp to raise eyebrows and wrinkle the brow

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3
Q

Frontalis

A

Origin: frontal bone
Insertion: skin of the eyebrows
Action: wrinkle eyebrows, forehead elevation, raise eyebrows

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4
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic process and its arch
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Action: bilateral- elevates mandible
unilateral- laterally moves mandible

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5
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: orbicularis oris muscle
Action: draw corners of mouth laterally (whistling muscle)

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6
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: maxilla and mandible
Insertion: encircles mouth
Action: closes mouth (kissing muscle)

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7
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Origin: medial surface of lateral Pterygoid plate of sphenoid palatine bone Pterygoid fossa
Insertion: inner surface of mandibular ramus and angle
Action: elevates mandible, protrudes mandible with lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Origin: superior head- lateral surface of sphenoid greater wing
Inferior head- lateral surface of the lateral Pterygoid plate
Insertion: neck of the mandibular consuls, TMJ articular disc
Action: unilateral- deviates mandible opposite of attraction
Bilateral- depresses mandible

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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

Origin: anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
Insertion: lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal line
Action: unilateral- flexes head same side, rotates head opposite side
bilateral- flexes neck

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10
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Origin: C3 to C6 transverse processes
Insertion: 1st ribs
Action: unilateral- flexes head same side, rotates head opposite side
bilateral- elevates ribs, flexes head

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11
Q

Medial scalene

A

Origin: C2 to C7 transverse processes
Insertion: 1st ribs
Action: unilateral- flexes head same side, rotates head opposite side
bilateral- elevated ribs

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12
Q

Posterior scalene

A

Origin: C4 to C6 transverse processes
Insertion: 2nd ribs
Action: unilateral- flexes head same side, rotates head opposite side
bilateral- elevated ribs

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13
Q

Splenius capitus

A

Origin: C7 to T3 spinous process and nuchal ligament
Insertion: superior nuchal line and mastoid process
Action: unilateral- rotates head same side, flexes neck
bilateral- extends head

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14
Q

Splenius cervicus

A

Origin: T3-T6 spinous processes
Insertion: C1-C3 transverse processes
Action: unilateral- rotates head to same side, laterally flexes neck
bilateral- extends head

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15
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: C1 to C4 transverse processes
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Action: unilateral- elevates, downwardly rotates scapula, laterally flexes neck
bilateral: extends head

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16
Q

Erector Spinae Group

A

Spinalis (most medial)
Longissimus (middle)
Illiocostalis (most lateral)

Action: unilateral- lateral flexion of spine
bilateral- extension of spine

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17
Q

Transversospinalis Group

A

Multifidi
Rotatores
Semispinalis capitus

Deep to erector spinae group

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18
Q

Multifidus

A

Origin: transverse process of one vertebrae
Insertion: sacrum and spinous process of all vertebrae extending 2-4 higher
Action: bilateral- extends vertebral column
unilateral- rotate to opposite side, flex to same side

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19
Q

Rotatores

A

Origin: transverse process of one vertebra
Insertion: spinous process of vertebra 1-2 above origin
Action: unilateral- rotate to opposite side
bilateral- extension

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20
Q

Semispinalis capitus

A

Origin: transverse process of C4 to T5
Insertion: between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Action: extend vertebral column

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21
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

External
Internal
Innermost

Action: elevation and depression of ribs during breathing

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22
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: clavicular head- medial half of clavicle
sternum head- sternum, upper costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external obliques
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove and crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: clavicular- flex arm
sternal- extends arm
both- medially rotate and adduct arm

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23
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: ribs 3-5 near costal cartilage
Insertion: medial border and superior surface of corocoid process of scapula
Action: stabilizes scapula, pulls it inferior and anterior against posterior rib cage

24
Q

Abdominal Group

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis

25
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
Action: trunk flexion, accessory respiratory muscle

26
Q

External obliques

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs at costal cartilages
Insertion: crest of ilium, linea alba through rectus sheath
Action: unilateral- flex vertebral column to opposite side
bilateral- flexes spine

27
Q

Internal obliques

A

Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: internal surfaces of lower 3 ribs, linea alba, abdominal aponeurosis
Action: unilateral- lateral flexion to same side
bilateral- flexes spine

28
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Origin: cartilage of lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba through rectus sheath, pubic symphysis and xiphoid process
Action: compresses abdominal viscera

29
Q

Diaphragm

A

Origin: inner surface of ribs 7-12, L2 and L3, inner xiphoid process
Insertion: central tendon
Action: inhale- flattens
exhale- domes back upward

30
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromian, spine of scapula
Action: upper- bilaterally extends neck; unilaterally flexes neck same side, rotates head opposite side, elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
Middle- adducts and stabilizes scapula
lower- depresses amd upwardly rotates scapula

31
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T1, lower part of nuchal ligament
Insertion: medial margin of the scapula at the root of the spine
Action: adducts, elevates, rotates scapula

32
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion: medial margin of scapula between spine and inferior angle
Action: retracts, elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula

33
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: T6-T12, last 3-4 ribs, posterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Insertion: intertubercle groove and crest of lesser tubercle of humorus
Action: extension of trunk, adduction and internal rotation at the shoulder

34
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: upper anterior surface of ribs 1-8
Insertion: costal aspect of medial border scapula
Action: protract and stabilize scapula, assist in upward rotaion

35
Q

Serratus Posterior

A

deep back muscles, located in upper and lower parts of the back

36
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abduct shoulder to 45°, stabilize humerus in glenoid fossa
DOES NOT ROTATE

37
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: external rotation, adduction, extension, horizontal abduction, stabilize humerus in glenoid fossa

38
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin: upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: external rotation, adduction, extension, horizontal abduction, stabilize humerus in glenoid fossa

39
Q

Subscapularus

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: internal rotation, stabilize humerus in glenoid fossa

40
Q

Deltoid (anterior)

A

Origin: outer 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction

41
Q

Deltoid (medial)

A

Origin: boarder of acromion
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: abduction

42
Q

Deltoid (posterior)

A

Origin: scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction

43
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin: inferior angle and lower 1/2 of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: adduction, internal rotation, extension

44
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: short head- coracoid process
Long head- supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
Action: elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion

45
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head- posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
Medial head- posterior surface of distal half of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of radius
Action: elbow extension, shoulder extension and adduction

46
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial surface of humerus
Action: shoulder flexion and adduction

47
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: lower half of humerus on anterior side
Insertion: coranoid process of ulna
Action: elbow flexion in all positions

48
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: radial styloid process
Action: elbow flexion when thumb is pointed up (hammer muscle)

49
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: layers aspect of olecranon process
Action: elbow extension

50
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin: anterior surface of distal ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of distal radius
Action: pronation

51
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin: distal humerus on medial side and proximal ulna
Insertion: middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Action: forearm pronation, elbow flexion

52
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, Supinator crest of ulna
Insertion: superior and lateral radius
Action: supination

53
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: anterior base of second metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion and abduction

54
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of ulna and medial margin of olecranon
Insertion: pisiform, hamate, base of fifth metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion and adduction

55
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum of the hand
Action: wrist flexion

Anatomy (7 decks)

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