Skeletal System Flashcards
How many irregular bones are in the vertebrae
33
What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, Lumbar, Sarcral, coccyx
How many vertebrae are in the Cervical.
7
How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic
12
How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar
5
How many vertebrae are in the sacral
5 vertebrae all fused together.
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx
4 vertebrae fused together
What is Kyphosis
An excessive outward curve of the spine, it can cause the appearance of a hunchback
What is Scoliosis
The abnormal curve of the spine to the left or right.
What is the main core of the axial skeleton
the skull, the thoracic cage and the vertebral column
What bones consist in the appendicular skeleton
Upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle
What is the function of a long bone
Provides leverage (movement)
Produced red blood cells
What is the function of a short bone
weight bearing
What is the function of the flat bone
protection of vital organs
What is the function of irregular bone
protection of the spinal cord
What is the function of a sesamoid bone
reduced friction across a joint
Where is red bone marrow produced
Spongy bone
Where is yellow marrow produced
Marrow cavity
What is the outmost layer of long bone
periosteum
What is ossification
the process of which bones grow throughout their life, turning bones from cartilage to bone.
What are Osteoclasts
The process of which unwanted calcium is removed.
What are osteoblasts
Cells that build new bone
What is the epiphyseal plate
Where the bone grows (Growth Plate)
What happens when you exercise to your bones
When you exercise you cause microscopic damage to your bones.
Organisms called osteoclasts remove any unnecessary calcium phosphate from the damaged area.
the osteoblasts then bring new calcium to the area which helps create new bone.
Osteoblast activity increases after exercise, therefore the more you exercise the stronger your bones become.
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Support
Shape/ Structure
protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells
What do tendons attach
Muscle to bone
What do ligaments attach
Bone to Bone
What are the 3 joint classification??
Synovial
cartilaginous
Fibrous
what is a synovial joint
Freely moving
what is a cartilaginous joint
slightly moveable
what is a fibrous joint
a fixed joint
Name a cartilaginous joint
Vertebrae
Name a fibrous joint
Cranium
Name the 6 synovial joints
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle
Condyloid
Name a hinge joint and its movements
Elbow - Extension and Flexion
Name a ball and socket and its movement
Shoulder - abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, circumduction, rotation
Name a Condyloid joint and its movement
Finger - back / forth / side to side
Name a gliding joint and its movement
Wrist - movement restricted by ligaments or by bony prominence
name a pivot joint and its movement
Neck - controlled rotational
name a saddle joint and its movement
Thumb - backwards / forwards and from side / side
Whats the function of the joint capsule
Holds bones togetehr
Whats the function of the bursa
Small fluid sac providing cushion and the bones to prevent friction
Whats the function of the cartilage
Shock absorber
Whats the function of the synovial membrane
Releases synovial fluid into the joint
Whats the function of the synovial fluid
Lubricates the joint
Whats the function of the ligaments
holds two or more bones together
What is arthritis
Condition where there is inflammation within a synovial joint causing pain stiffness in the joint
Whats the difference between inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis.
For inflammatory arthritis your immune system begins attacking your joints causing them to become inflamed. Degenerative arthritis is when the cartilage in the joints becomes thinner and rougher.
What is osteoporosis?
The weakening of bones caused by a loss in calcium or a lack of vitamin D within bones.
What causes stunted bone growth?
Intense compression of the bones can shrink the epiphyseal growth plates on the end of your bone.
What is green stick fractures??
A green stick fracture is when a bone bends and cracks instead of breaking completely into separate peices
