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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Kinds of bone tissue

A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Spongy bone
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2
Q

kinds of bone tissue

Compact bone

A
  • Makes up shaft and surface of long bones
  • Consists of osteons
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3
Q

Kinds of bone tissue

Spongy bone

A

Consists of trabeculae

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4
Q

Types of bone

L S F I S W

A
  1. Long bone
  2. Short bone
  3. Flat bone
  4. Irregular bone
  5. SesamoiD bone
  6. Wormian/sutural bone

L S F I S W

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5
Q

Types of bone

Long bone

A

Produced through endochondrial ossification

When hyaline cartillage is replaced by bone

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6
Q

Parts of a long bone

E D M M P E

A
  1. Epiphysis
  2. Diaphysis
  3. Metaphysis
  4. Marrow cavity
  5. Periosteum
  6. Endosteum

E D M M P E

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7
Q

Parts of a long bone

Epiphysis

A
  • Ends of long bones
  • Where red bone marrow is present (RBC production)
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8
Q

Parts of a long bone

Diaphysis

A

Bone shaft connecting the epyphisis

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9
Q

Parts of a long bone

Metaphysis

A
  • Where diaphysis and epiphysis meets
  • contains epiphyseal line

Epiphysial line - remnant cartilage from growing bone

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10
Q

Parts of a long bone

Marrow cavity

Medular cavity

A

Stores adipose tissue that forms yellow bone marrow

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11
Q

Parts of a long bone

Periosteum

A

membrane covering the diaphysis where tendons and ligaments attach

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12
Q

Parts of a long bone

Endosteum

A

membrane lining the marrow cavity

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13
Q

Short bones

A

• consists of spongy bone and marrow surrounded by compact bone.
• cuboid shaped

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

• consists of spongy bone between two compact bone layers
• articular surface covered with fibroblasts
• grows through replacement of cartilage into bone

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15
Q

Irregular bone

A

• spongy bone covered in thin compact bone

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16
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

• develop in tendons to reduce friction and shift mechanical function
• found where tendons cross synovial articulations at the end of long bones in limbs

17
Q

Wormian bones

A

• between sutures of cranial bones

18
Q

Joints

A
  • Union of two of more bones
  • Hilton’s law
  • Mobility and stability of the joint is inversely proportional

Hilton’s law - the nerve that supplies the joint is the same nerve supplying the muscle and skin covering the joint

19
Q

Structural classicifation of joints

F C S

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Catiloginous
  3. Synovial
20
Q

Structural Classifications of joints

Fibrous joints

A
  • Joined by fibrous cartilage
  • no joint cavity
  • permit little movement
21
Q

Structural Classifications of joints

Cartiloginous

A
  • joined by cartilage
  • no joint cavity
  • Primary cartiloginous joints and secondary cartiloginous joints
22
Q

Cartiloginous joints

Primary cartiloginous joints

synchondroses

A
  • Joined by hyaline cartilage
  • allows growth in length
  • little movement
23
Q

Cartiloginous joints

Secondary cartiloginous joints

Symphyses

A
  • joined by firbocartilage
  • slgihtly movable
24
Q

Structural Classifications of joints

Synovial joints

A
  • between two separate skeletal elements
  • have joint cavity with synovial fluid
  • permits degrees of movement
25
Q

Axial skeletal system

A

Forms vertical axis of the body

  1. Skull
  2. Auditory oscicles
  3. Hyoid bone
  4. Vertebral column
  5. Thoracis cage
  6. Pectoral girdle
26
Q

Axial skeleton

Skull

Cranial bones

A
  1. Parietal bone
  2. Frontal bone
  3. Occipital bone
  4. Sphenoid bone
  5. Temporal bone
  6. Ethmoid bone
  7. Lambdoid suture*
  8. Coronal suture*
  9. Squamosoparietal suture*
27
Q

Axial Skeleton

Skull

Facial bones

A
  1. Nasal bone
  2. Vomer bone
  3. Maxilla
  4. Mandible
  5. Zygomatic bone
  6. Inferior nasal concha
  7. Lacrimal bone
  8. Platine bone
  9. Glabella
  10. Nasion
  11. Orbital cavity
  12. Mental foramen*
  13. Infraorbital foramen*
  14. Supraorbital foramen*
28
Q

Skull

Features of the skull

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Fontanels
  3. Sutural bones
  4. Cranial vault
  5. Cranial base
  6. Cranial fossae
  7. Nasal Cavity
29
Q

Axial Skeleton

Auditory Ossicles

A
  1. Mallues
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes

Stapes - smallest bone in the body

30
Q

Axial sketleton

Hyoid bone

A
  • connected to styloid process
  • where muscles of the tongue, neck, pharyxn and larynx are attached

located at the top of the trachea

31
Q

Axial skeleton

Vertebral column

C T L S C

A
  • supports the head and trunk
  • protects spinal cord
  1. Cervical (C1-C7)
  2. Thoracic (T1-T12)
  3. Lumber (L1-L5)
  4. Sacrum (S1-S5)
  5. Coccyx
32
Q

Axial skeleton

Thoracic cage

A
  1. Sternum
  2. Ribs
  3. Vertrbrae (Thoracic Vertebra)
  4. Costal cartilage
33
Q

Features of the thoracic cage

Sternum

A
  • anterior section of the rib cage
  • 3 fused bones:
    1. Manubrium
    2. body
    3. Xiphoid process
34
Q

Features of the thoracic cage

Ribs

A
  • Protect thoracic organs
  • Articulates posteriorly to a respective thoracis vertebrae
  • 12 ribs:
    1. Vertebrosternal ribs (1-7) - attached to the sternum with costal cartilage
    2. Vertebronchal ribs (8-10) - connected to the rib superior to them
    3. Vertebral ribs (11-12) - no attachment
35
Q

Axial skeleton

Pectoral girdle

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Spacula
  3. Acromion
  4. Coracoid process
  5. Glenoid cavity
36
Q

Appendicular skeletal system

A
  • Limbs
  • Pelvic girdle
37
Q

Appendicular skeleton

Upper limb

A
  1. Humerus
  2. Elbow
  3. Radius
  4. Ulna
  5. Carpals
  6. Metacarpals
  7. Phalanges
38
Q

Appendicular skeleton

Lower limbs

A
  1. Femur
  2. Patella
  3. Tibia
  4. Fibula
  5. Tarsals
  6. Metatarsals
  7. Phalanges
39
Q

Appendicular skeleton

Pelvic girdle

A
  1. Iliac crest
  2. Ilium
  3. Sacral base
  4. Sacroilias jont
  5. Pelvic inlet
  6. Coccyx
  7. Ischium
  8. Ischial spine
  9. Pubis symphysis
  10. Obturator foramen
  11. Pubic

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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