Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of bones
(There are 5)

Answer 1

• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral + fat storage
• Blood cell production

Question 2

Classify bones according to shape and structure

Answer 2

Long bone - femur
Flat bone - sternum
short bone - carpal
irregular bone - vertebrae
sesamoid bone - patella

Question 3

Describe the functional significance of bone markings

Answer 3

Bone Matrix
Inorganic - Hydroxyapatite crystals (Calcification) of calcium & phosphate(contribute to bone hardness), doesn’t contain H or carbon, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, fluoride
Organic - composition of collagen fibres and mixture of protein and polysaccachrides

Question 4

Bone tissue:
What kind of tissue is it?
What does the hardness of the bone mean

Answer 4

• Bone is a form of connective tissue, hard and calcified.
• They can provide stability, support and protection

Question 5

Identify the bone cell types and their major functions

Answer 5

Osteoblasts (Ob)- forming
Osteoclasts (Oc) - eroding
osteocytes - mature, non-dividing cells (come from osteoblasts)

Question 6

Identify the three types of cartilage

Answer 6

1. Elastic- Forms external ear, epiglottis
2. Hyaline - found in rib cage + nose, covers bones to form moveable joints, most common
3. Fibrocartilage - fibrous elements within the matrix

Question 7

Describe the function of cartilage

Answer 7

Cushion
Connect bone to fascia
Flexibility

Question 8

Describe bone remodelling

Answer 8

Growth in the length & diameter (new cells form, old ones dying)
**Oc - **enlarge the diameter of the medullary cavity
Ob - build new bone around the outside of the bone
this is important for homeostasis
- stress from physical activity strengthens bones

Question 9

Identify key structures in the axial skeletal division

Answer 9

Skull
Thoracic cavity
vertebral column

Question 10

Describe the structural and functional classification of joints

Answer 10

• Adjacent bones are strongly anchored to each other by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage
• Adjacent bones articulate with each other in fluid-filled space (joint cavity)

Synarthrosis - immobile joint
Amphiarthrosis - Slightly moveable joint
Diarthrosis - Freely moveable joint

Question 11

Describe and provide an example of fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joints

Answer 11

fibrous - coronal suture squamous suture
cartilaginous - pubic symphysis
synovial - elbow joint

Question 12

Describe the types of synovial joints in the body

Answer 12

Pivot joint
ball & socket joint
Condyloid joint
Plane joint
Saddle joint
Hinge joint