Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Identify the primary functions of blood and its components - 5
- Transports dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes
- Regulates pH
- Restricts fluid losses at injury sites
- Defends against toxins and pathogens
- Stabilises body temperature
Identify the proteins and solutes in blood plasma
AGFP + 5
4 Proteins:
- Albumins
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
- Prothrombin
5 Other Solutes:
- Ions
- Nutrients
- Waste Products
- Gases
- Regulatory Substances
Describe the structure and function of red blood cells
4
- Biconcave disks with shallow centre
- transport oxygen & carbon
- No nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria or other organelles
- Primary component is haemoglobin (proteins and iron)
Describe erythropoiesis
- Begins in Kidney with a signal to release the hormone Erythropoietin, when oxygen levels are detected to be low.
- Erythroppoitein then simulates RBC to be created in the red bone marrow
- They are produced from the stem cells, haemocytoblasts. The stem cells the differentiate (specialise) into their different precursors then into RBC
List the five leukocytes
3 Granulocytes:
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Neutrophils
2 Agranulocytes:
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
Describe the role of platelets
AAA
- Required for blood clotting (Haemostasis) by clinging to torn area
- Agglutination (clump together)
- Adhesiveness (stick to blood vessel)
- Aggregation (form cluster or clot)
Describe the function of platelets in the process of haemostasis
Platelet plug formation - platelets adhere to damaged endothelial lining (Inter layer of blood vessel) and form a platelet plug
Describe the significance of the AB and Rh blood groups in blood transfusions
- Antibody & Antigens can not be paired together
eg. Type A antigen with A antibody. - Type O can go with any blood type as it has no antigens on the RBC.
- The Rh antigen negative can pair with - or +.
+ pair with + only
Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins
- Arteries - pump blood away from heart
- Arterioles - smaller arteries
- Capillaries - smallest blood vessels (Between arterioles & venules) oxygen is exchanged to carbon dioxide
- Venules - small veins
- Veins - Returns blood to heart
Identify the major blood vessels of the pulmonary circulations
- Deoxygenated blood arrives at heart from systemic circulation
- Passes through RA to RV
- Enter Pulmonary trunk
- Branches into L + R lungs - Arteries, arterioles, capillaries that surround alveoli
- at lungs - CO2 is removed + O2 is gained
- oxygenated blood returns to heart via pulmonary veins, enters heart via LA + LV & is distributed to systemic circuit
Identify the major blood vessels of the pulmonary, systemic and coronary circulations
Coronary - Allows blood to flow to heart eg. R & L coronary artery + circumflex artery, L marginal artery
Identify the major blood vessels of the pulmonary coronary circulations
Ascending aorta
Right coronary artery | Left coronery artery
Check diagram
Describe the theory of blood pressure
Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries
Describe the physiology of blood pressure
systolic pressure - when ventricles are contracting
diastolic pressure - when ventricles are relaxing
Describe how blood pressure is measured
- cuff inflated - stops blood flow from brachial artery
- korotoff sound - due to pressure as blood vessel is restricted. this sound is the systoic pressure - 1st measurement
- cuff is deflated - as flow becomes more relaxed, 2nd measurement becomes diastolic pressure
Korotkoff sound - flow has been restricted, vessel not completely open causing a sound to be heard because of the pressure of it not being fully opened
