Skeletal system

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Made up of roughly 80 bones
Primary Function: Protection and support
Location: Along the midline
Mainly Comprised of: Skull (cranium), vertebral column (spine), ribs

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Made up of roughly 126 bones
Primary Function: Movement
Location: Limbs
Mainly Comprised of: upper/lower limbs, pelvis, pectoral girdles (supporting structures), arms, forearms, wrists, hands, legs etc.

Question 3

Long Bones

Answer 3

Appearance: Long and slender
Location: appendicular skeleton only
Examples: humerus (arm), femur (leg)

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

Appearance: “Box-like”
Location: Most commonly in wrists and ankles
Examples: Metacarpals (wrist) and tarsals (foot)

Question 5

Flat Bones

Answer 5

Appearance: Flat and thin
Location: Skull, Ribs, Shoulder, Sternum, Pelvis
Examples: Scapula (shoulder blade), Ilium (Pelvis)

Question 6

Irregular Bones

Answer 6

Appearance: Irregular looking, complex, rigid
Location: Vertebral Column, Skull
Examples: Any vertebral bone

Question 7

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 7

Appearance: Small, flat bones, usually wrapped with tendons
Location: Knee, Fingers
Example: Patella (knee cap)

Question 8

Fibrous (immovable)

Answer 8

Articulating edges of bones are attached by fibrous connective tissue.
Found in only three areas throughout the body: Skull, Distal Tibiofibular & Cuboid Navicular Joints, Teeth

Question 9

Cartilaginous (semi-movable)

Answer 9

Articulating bones are held together by hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Synovial (freely moveable)

Answer 10

Movement range is determined by the joint capsule, supporting ligaments and muscles that cross the joint
Have synovial cavity between the articulating bones
Bones at a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage which reduces friction between bones in the joint during movement and helps to absorb shock

Question 11

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 11

Pivot Joints - joint between the first two vertebrae in the neck which allows head to say “no”
Saddle joints - Thumb, Shoulder, Ear
Ball & Socket Joints - Hip
Hinge Joints - Ulna and humerus (elbow)
Gliding Joints - Ankles
Ellipsoid Joits - Wrists

Question 12

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 12

Fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and the cortex is broken, but only on one side

Question 13

Transverse Fracture

Answer 13

Fracture is in a straight line across or perpendicular to axis of the bone

Question 14

Stress Fracture

Answer 14

Small crack or severe bruising within a bone

Question 15

Comminuted

Answer 15

Fracture is in three or more pieces with fragments present at the site

Question 16

Oblique

Answer 16

Fracture is oriented obliquely across the bone

Question 17

Sprains

Answer 17

Occurs when a ligament is overstretched

Question 18

Strains

Answer 18

Caused by excessive twisting or pulling on a muscle or tendon.

Question 19

Dislocations

Answer 19

Occurs when a bone is displaced from its joint

Question 20

Separations

Answer 20

Similar to a sprain, but the ligaments are disrupted and tear due to a fall or collision. When they do, the bones may separate.

Question 21

Tendonitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to prolonged or abnormal use.

Question 22

Epicondylitis

Answer 22

Lateral epicondylitis occurs when one of the tendons that connects the forearm to the humerus pulls away from the bone. Medial epicondylitis is similar, except on the inside of the elbow

Question 23

Arthritis

Answer 23

Inflammation or swelling of a joint.