Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Infancy
Timeline: Birth to 2-3 years (Approximately)
Infancy: the period between birth and 1 year of age
Toddler: the period between 1 and 3 years of age
Marks the time of the most significant growth in humans, relative to all the other stages.
Head and chest grow rapidly, allowing the brain, heart, and lungs to develop quickly
considerable amounts of Bone hardening, musclar devlopment and ability to perform motor skills(crawling, grasping obj, walking)
Childhood
Timeline: 4-10 years old (Approximately)
Childhood: the body undergoes a stabilizing period that allows the child to
begin to establish an important base of motor skills.
Adolescence
Timeline: 11-18 years old (Approximately)
Puberty: A whole range of physiological changes take place, as both genders
begin to grow into sexual maturity
Adulthood
Timeline: 18 years old & older
Adulthood: Although most of the body’s growth has taken place by adulthood,
adults do go through a wide range of physical changes as they grow older\
General Examples:
→ Relatively large gains in weight;
→ A reduced capacity to take in and utilize oxygen;
→ An increase in blood pressure and resting heart rate
Describe LTD Model
Long-Term Development in Sport and Physical Activity is a framework for the development of every child, youth, and adult to enable optimal participation in sport and physical activity.
The sensorimotor stage
Birth to 2 years
Characterized by an infant’s demonstration of intelligence by means of motor activity without the use of symbols (can crawl, however they cannot read or recognize letters, numbers, or other symbols).
Later in sensorimotor stage children develop early language abilities.
Preoperational Stage
(2 to 7 years)
Children demonstrate intelligence through the use of symbols (letters, numbers, pictures) to represent real-life object
Language abilities begin to develop. There is also significant growth in their memory and imagination.
Concrete-Operational Stage
(7 to 11 years)
Logical thinking develops, and children become able to solve hands-on problems in a logical fashion
Children can understand sequences in reverse, which is known as “reversibility” or “operational thinking”.
Formal Operational
(11 to 15 years)
Children demonstrate intelligence through their ability to solve increasingly complicated abstract problems using logic, and by understanding how to use symbols related to abstract concepts.
During this stage children often return to egocentric thinking patterns
4 Components of human growth and development
Physical: the growth and development of the body’s muscles, bones, energy systems, and nervous systems
Cognitive: an individual’s ability to interpret and process information and the introduction and establishment of a person’s self-concept or self-awareness
Social: the development of relationships with peers, friends, relatives, adults, and others in the “outside world”
Emotional: an individual’s ability to manage and regulate emotions such as motivation, pleasure, empathy, fear, anxiety, and anger.
3 Ages in physical development
Chronological age: measured in years, months, and days. The standard use of the term “age”
Skeletal age: age as indicated by the physical maturity of the skeleton. Often assessed by taking an x-ray of the hand or wrist, and analyzing the degree of ossification
Developmental age: includes the interaction between the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of the individual. The age expressed by one’s ability to perform certain tasks.
