Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions already known

Answer 1

-Movement and protection
-Connected to muscles – skeletal muscles
-They are connective tissue – cells far apart with a matrix in between
-Produce all types of blood cells

Question 2

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 2

all 3 fibers and calcium (mineral salts)

Question 3

What are mineral salts used for?

Answer 3

-muscle contraction
-nerve impulses

Question 4

What is included in the anatomy of a long bone?

Answer 4

Periosteum, Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Medullary Cavity

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

Fibrous connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone (outer layer)

Question 6

Epiphysis

Answer 6

Tips of the long bone – one on each side of bone

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

Central portion of the long bone

Question 8

Medullary Cavity

Answer 8

Found in the Diaphysis (bones are hollow)
Contains yellow marrow → stores fat or known as adipose tissue

Question 9

Compact Bone

Answer 9

• Haversian canals
• Osteocytes
• Lacunae
• Densely packed
• Makes up the majority of the diaphysis (central portion)
• Lines the surface of the epiphysis (ends)
• Circulates Blood → (to deposit calcium in matrix / to remove calcium from matrix)
• Diaphysis contains Yellow Bone Marrow

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

bone cells that produce the matrix

Question 11

Lacunae

Answer 11

chambers containing bone cells

Question 12

Spongy Bone

Answer 12

• Made up of a system of bars and plates
• Strongest type of bone !!
• Found mainly in the epiphysis

Question 13

What does Epiphysis bone contain?

Answer 13

Red Bone Marrow

Question 14

What is included in the Epiphysis?

Answer 14

• Skul
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Vertebrae

Question 15

What type of blood produces the most blood cells?

Answer 15

Epiphysis

Question 16

Do all types of bones produce blood cells?

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

What type of bone produces less blood cells?

Answer 17

Long Bone

Question 18

Prenatal

Answer 18

Most bones start as a cartilage model

Question 19

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 19

Conversion by deposition of mineral salts/calcium (ex: long bones)

Question 20

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 20

Development without the deposit of calcium (ex. bones in the face)

Question 21

Where does a growth plate develop?

Answer 21

Center of a long bone

Question 22

Where does ossification begin?

Answer 22

Center of a long bone?

Question 23

How long does it take for the growth plate to reach the ends of the Epiphysis

Answer 23

20 years

Question 24

What happens once the growth plate reaches the end of the Epiphysis?

Answer 24

Growth of the bones stop

Question 25

What happens if you damage the growth plate before it reaches the end of the epiphysis?

Answer 25

Growth stops

Question 26

What are examples of damage?

Answer 26

Weight bearing exercises, jumping

Question 27

Is bone a living tissue?

Answer 27

YES

Question 28

Are bones being constantly replaced throughout life?

Answer 28

YES

Question 29

Osteoclasts

Answer 29

Cells that break down and release calcium into the bloodstream

Question 30

Osteoblasts

Answer 30

They remove calcium from the bloodstream and deposit it back into the matrix of the bone and repairs the damage done by the osteoclasts

Question 31

Osteocytes

Answer 31

They are osteoblasts that have been trapped in the bone matrix, but once trapped that they still continue to function correctly

Question 32

How many cervical vertebrae are there and where are they located?

Answer 32

7, found in the neck (allows you to pivot your skull)

Question 33

How many thoracic vertebrae are there and where are they located?

Answer 33

12, found in upper torso and they have ribs attached to it

Question 34

How many lumbar vertebrae are there and where are they located?

Answer 34

5, found in lower back

Question 35

How many sacral vertebrae are there and where are they located?

Answer 35

5, found in the makeup of parts of the hip

Question 36

How many coccyx vertebrae are there and where are they located?

Answer 36

1, found in the tailbone

Question 37

Discs

Answer 37

Pads of tissue that separate the vertebrae

Question 38

Does the spinal cord run on the outside or inside of the vertebrae?

Answer 38

OUTSIDE

Question 39

True Ribs

Answer 39

Attach directly to the sternum

Question 40

False Ribs

Answer 40

Attach indirectly to the sternum

Question 41

Floating Ribs

Answer 41

DO NOT attach to the sternum

Question 42

Axial Skeleton

Answer 42

Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs

Question 43

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 43

Everything that attaches to the axial skeleton (limbs)

Question 44

Simple Fracture

Answer 44

Breaks into 2

Question 45

Compound Fracture

Answer 45

Tip of bones comes through the skin

Question 46

Partial Fracture

Answer 46

Bone is broken lengthwise but not separated in 2

Question 47

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 47

Bone splinters but does not break - common in pre children

Question 48

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 48

Broken in several places and shattered - jumping accidents

Question 49

Spiral Fracture

Answer 49

Twisted backwards

Question 50

Hematoma

Answer 50

bruising and bleeding in area where bone broke

Question 51

Fibrocartilage Callus

Answer 51

within hours cartilage develops between the two broken ends

Question 52

Bony Callus

Answer 52

slowly cartilage is replaced by bony material

Question 53

Remodeling

Answer 53

remove excess bony tissue, restoring new bone structure like the original

Question 54

Joint

Answer 54

Where 2 or more bones come together

Question 55

Fixed/Immovable Joint

Answer 55

- Ends of bones do Not move and become fused together - Referred to as suture joint (resembles stitches) - Commonly found in skull / Vertebral column on lower end / Sternum

Question 56

Freely Moveable Joint

Answer 56

- Can move freely in at least one plane of motion - Up and down, left and right, circular - EX: elbows, knees, hips, fingers, toes

Question 57

Synovial Joint

Answer 57

each end of bones is covered in cartilage and surrounded by connective tissue – this creates a watertight capsule (synovial capsule)

Question 58

Synovial Capsule

Answer 58

- The capsule contains synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant – allowing the two ends of the bones to slide past each other creating only Minimal damage - The fluid is continuously replaced throughout life - Some types of injuries cause an overproduction of synovial fluid

Question 59

Slightly Moveable Joint

Answer 59

- Joints that have a small degree of movement - Separated by pads made of connective tissue