Endocrine System

Question 1

How do hormones travel through the body?

Answer 1

The Bloodstream

Question 2

Peptides

Answer 2

• Protein based hormones
• Attach to the outside of the cell and activate enzymes on the inside of the cell

Question 3

Steroids

Answer 3

• Lipid based hormones
• Production stops if you drop in weight
• They are inside the cell
• Activate DNA and stimulate protein production

Question 4

What speeds up chemical reactions?

Answer 4

Enzymes

Question 5

Endocrine Gland

Answer 5

Produces hormones which release into the blood and affect distant organs

Question 6

Exocrine Glands

Answer 6

Produce chemicals other than hormones that release into hollow body cavities (ex. small intestine)

Question 7

Where are the glands located in the body?

Answer 7

Central part of the brain and they are connected to one another

Question 8

Hypothalimic

Answer 8

Releases hormones causing the Pituitary Gland to release hormones

Question 9

Hypothalamic

Answer 9

Releases inhibiting hormones that cause the Pituitary gland to retain hormones

Question 10

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 10

• Conserves water
• Causes kidneys to conserve urine
• Delays dehydration
• Kidneys are the target organ
• They are released continually

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

• Uterus is the target organ
• Breast tissue may be affected
• Could potentially affect other organ systems
• Causes uterus contractions
• They occur during childbirth and cause sperm to go deeper into uterus cavity

Question 12

Growth Hormone (GH)- somatotropin

Answer 12

• Growth
• Targets all body tissues

Question 13

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 13

Stimulates the production of milk in the breast tissue

Question 14

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 14

• Thyroid is the target organ
• Causes the production and release of hormones

Question 15

Adrenocorticotropin

Answer 15

• Adrenal Gland is the target organ
• Production and release of hormones

Question 16

Gonadotropins

Answer 16

• Gonad Gland is the target organ
• Production and release of hormones

Question 17

Giantism

Answer 17

• The overproduction of growth hormones starting at birth
• Effects both males and females
• Internal Organs are enlarged
• Creates stress on the body
• Shorter than normal lifespans

Question 18

Dwarfism

Answer 18

• Underproduction of growth hormones
• Starts at birth
• Shorter stature
• Shorter life span

Question 19

Acromegaly

Answer 19

• Overproduction of growth hormones starting near puberty
• Relatively normal stature
• Extremities are effected
• Larger hands, face, feet and may develop brow ridges

Question 20

What age do the production of growth hormones stop in females?

Answer 20

30

Question 21

What age do the production of growth hormones stop in males?

Answer 21

May stop in your 80s

Question 22

Thyroxine

Answer 22

Affects most cells in the body and controls metabolism

Question 23

Calcitonin

Answer 23

Affects levels of calcium in the blood

Question 24

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 24

Affects levels of calcium in the blood

Question 25

Goiter

Answer 25

- Enlargement of the thyroid due to a lack of iodine in your diet - Most are treated with iodine treatments

Question 26

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

- Overproduction of thyroxine - Higher than normal metabolism - Thinner stature - Hyperactivity - Eyes may bulge - Hair loss - Not easily treated

Question 27

Hypothyroidism

Answer 27

- Underproduction of thyroxine - Larger stature - Lower energy levels - Easily treated by taking thyroxine in pill form

Question 28

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 28

- Produces Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (Adrenaline) - Causes stronger skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles contractions - Helps you see and hear better

Question 29

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 29

Central core of the gland

Question 30

Glucocorticoids

Answer 30

- Cortisol - Class of hormones that influence metabolism - Reduces inflammation

Question 31

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 31

- Aldosterone - Influences the use of minerals

Question 32

Sex Hormones

Answer 32

- Estrogen and Testosterone - Tumors produce an excessive amount of testosterone - Characteristic's of males and females

Question 33

Pancreas

Answer 33

- 2 in 1 gland - Located beneath the stomach - Contains Endocrine and Exocrine glands - Produces enzymes

Question 34

Insulin

Answer 34

- Causes cells to absorb glucose - Released into large quantities after a meal

Question 35

Glucagon

Answer 35

- Causes cells to release glucose - Maintains levels of glucose in the bloodstream - Released constantly - Constant rate of 3.2% concentration

Question 36

Diabetes

Answer 36

An underproduction of insulin and is treated by supplements

Question 37

Enzymes

Answer 37

- Breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids - Digestive Juice is released into the small intestine NOT the stomach

Question 38

Alkali Solution

Answer 38

Production and release of alkali in the small intestine that causes it to not be damaged by acid in the stomach

Question 39

Testes and Ovaries

Answer 39

Primary sex organs

Question 40

Testosterone

Answer 40

- Produced by testicles - Enhances male secondary characteristics - Penis size increase - Deeper voice - Increased body hair - Prevents breast development - More muscle mass

Question 41

Estrogen and Progesterone

Answer 41

- Influences female characteristics - Breast development - Less hair - Thicker layer of adipose tissue - Regulates ovarian cycle - Lighter bone density - Light muscle mass

Question 42

Thymus Gland

Answer 42

- Near Trachea but close to the heart - Produces thymosin that regulates the development of white blood cells and allows them to mature - Largest at birth - Begins to decrease as you age - May disappear in the elderly - ONE gland

Question 43

Pineal Gland

Answer 43

- Produces melatonin that regulates sleep cycles - Located in the brain - Underproduction is treated by supplements - Light sensitive