Skeletal System

Question 1

What is a Bone, and what does it do?

Answer 1

Bone is a hard, dense, connective tissue.

Bone supports the body, permits movement, protects organs, stores minerals and fats, and produces blood cells.

Question 2

What are the Two Divisions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 2

The Axial Skeleton, and the Appendicular Skeleton

Question 3

What is the Axial Skeleton and what does it do?

Answer 3

The Axial Skeleton provides a stable centre for the body and is compromised of 80 bones.

It is the midline of the body.

Question 4

What is the Appendicular Skeleton and what does it do?

Answer 4

The Appendicular Skeleton connects limbs and extremities to the Axial skeleton. It contains girdles to hold up those extremities such as the Pectoral and Pelvic girdles.

It is also compromised of 126 bones.

Question 5

What are the 5 types of bone shapes that the Skeletal System is composed of?

Answer 5

Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, Irregular Bones, and Sesamoid Bones.

Question 6

Give an example of a Long Bone.

Answer 6

The Humerus and femur.

Question 7

Give an example of a Short Bone and its functionality.

Answer 7

Short Bones can be found in the wrists an ankles, they are small and boxy and glide over one another, which explains why we are able to hyperextend our wrists and so on..

Question 8

Give an example of a Flat Bone and its functionality.

Answer 8

Cranial Bones, sternum and rib bones. They are responsible for protecting major organs.

Question 9

Give an example of an Irregular Bone.

Answer 9

Complex shapes such as the back bones or vertebrae.

Question 10

Give an example of a Sesamoid Bone.

Answer 10

Sesamoid bones develop inside tendons such as the knee, hands or feet. They are generally very small and flat, about the size of a sesame seed.

Question 11

What is the Epiphyseal Plate?

Answer 11

The Epiphyseal plate is a Hyaline cartilage, meaning that it is a living growing cartridge that turns into bone as we mature.

Question 12

What are the 2 types of Bone Tissue?

Answer 12

Compact Bone, and Spongy Bone.

Question 13

What is Compact Bone?

Answer 13

Compact bone is typically strong and dense, and makes up 80% of bone tissue.

Question 14

What is Spongy Bone?

Answer 14

Spongy bone is light, as the cells and tissues compromised within it are more spaced out and open. It makes up 20% of bone tissue.

Question 15

What are the 4 types of Bone Cells and evolution (in order) that make up the tissue within bone tissue?

Answer 15

1. Osteoprogenitor or Osteogenic Cell.
2. The Osteoblast Cell.
3. Osteocyte Cell.
4. The Osteoclast Cell.

Question 16

What is Osteoprogenitor or Osteogenic Cell?

Answer 16

The Osteoprogenitor or Osteogenic Cell is a pre-bony cell that is undifferentiated and has the capacity to divide.

This particular cell develops into an osteoblast.

Question 17

What is an Osteoblast?

Answer 17

Osteo, for bone; and Blast, for building

Is the cell responsible for creating the extracellular matrix that becomes the majority of our bone.
When it is first produced, it is soft and malleable but eventually becomes mineralized and hard.

It incases itself within its own matrix and becomes the osteocyte.

Question 18

What is an Osteocyte?

Answer 18

The Osteocyte is the true mature bone cell.
It no longer produces a matrix, and its job is to instead maintain it. Blood, oxygen, and the nutrients that it carries come to the osteocyte to maintain the health of the bone.

Question 19

What is an Osteoclast?

Answer 19

Clast = breaking down:

Breaks down bone, and releases minerals so that the cells can be used to do their particular jobs.