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Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones functions?

A
  • Give shape to our bodies
  • Protect internal organs
  • Aid in movement
  • House tissues that produce blood cells
  • Store Inorganic Salts
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2
Q

How does blood cell formation work?

A
  • The process of blood formation is called hematopoiesis
  • Occurs thanks to the marrow, a soft netlike connective tissue located inside long bone
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3
Q

What are the two kinds of marrow?

A

Red: Forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Yellow: stores fat

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4
Q

Bone Cells

A

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes

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5
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Responsible for building new bone tissue

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6
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Breakdown bone tissue

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7
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Osteoblasts that are completely surrounded by the tissue they made

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8
Q

Homeostasis of Bones

A
  • After being formed, bones are continuously managed by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
  • Hormones that regulate blood calcium help control these opposing action of bone breakdown and build-up.
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9
Q

factors the affect bone development are?

A
  • Nutrition
  • Hormonal Secretion
  • Exercise
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10
Q

Nutrition

A
  • Calcium intake is very important for bone strength
  • Vitamin D intake is also crucial to ensure proper absorption of calcium
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11
Q

Hormones

A
  • Growth hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate division of cartilage cells
  • Sex hormones stimulate ossification of the epithyseal plates (Growth Plates)
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12
Q

Exercise

A
  • Any exercise that results in stress being placed on bones causes tissue breakdown.
  • In order to maintain health, the body must therefore thicken and strengthen the bones.
  • Activities such a running are great for bone density due to the constant pounding, while activities such as swimming are not very effective.
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13
Q

What are the types of bones?

A
  1. Long bone
  2. Short Bone
  3. flat bone
  4. Irregular bone
  5. Sesamoid (round) bone
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14
Q

Long bone

A

Have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends.

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15
Q

what are the parts of a long bone?

A
  • Epiphysis an expanded portion on either side of the bone that forms articulations aka joints with other bones.
  • Articular Cartilage: Hyaline Cartilage covering the part of the bone forming a joint
  • Diaphysis: The shaft of the bone
  • Periosteum: a tough vascular and fibrous covering that completely covers the bone
  • Compact Bone: Mainly found in the diaphysis
  • Spongy bone: located in the epiphysis
  • Medullary cavity: Hollow chamber
  • Marrow: Specialized soft connective tissue in the medullary cavity
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16
Q

Short bone

A

Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and widths mostly equal

17
Q

Flat bone

A

Platelike structures with broad surfaces, skull

18
Q

Irregular bone

A

Have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones (face)

19
Q

Sesamoid (round) bone

A

Usually small and nodular, and are embedded within tendons adjacent to the joints

20
Q

What are the two parts of skeletal organization?

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

21
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The bones that support/ protect the head, neck, and trunk

22
Q

What is the appendicular Skeleton?

A

the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton

23
Q

what are the points of interest for axial Skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • Hyoid Bone
  • Vertebral column
    Vertebrae
    Sacrum
    Coccyx
  • Thoracic Cage
    Ribs
    Sternum
24
Q

Skull

A

Comprised of the cranium aka the bones of the head and the facial bones

25
Q

Hyoid Bone

A
  • Located in the beck between the lower jaw and the larynx
  • Supports the tongue and serves as an attachment for certain muscles that help the tongue move during swallowing.
26
Q

Vertebral column

A
  • Contains vertebrae* separated by intervertebral discs
  • Towards the end of the spine the vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum
  • The sacrum* is part of the pelvis
  • The coccyx is a small tailbone made of fused disks that sit on the end of the sacrum.
27
Q

What are the three sections of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

28
Q

cervical

A

the closest section to the head. Responsible for supporting the skull and allowing it to turn.

29
Q

how many vertebrae does cervical contain?

A

7

30
Q

Thoracic

A

The middle section of the column, serve as articulation points for some ribs.

31
Q

how many vertebrae does thoracic contain

A

12

32
Q

Lumbar

A

The lowest part of the column, also the thickest vertebrae. Responsible for managing the weight of the column.

33
Q

how many vertebrae does lumbar contain

A

5

34
Q

thoracic cage

A
  • Made up of the ribs and sternum
  • Support the pectoral girdle
  • Protects vital organs
35
Q

sternum ( breast bone)

A

Made up of three parts
Upper part: the manubrium
Middle part: body
Lower part: xiphoid

Anatomy (5 decks)

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