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Anatomy 1 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts the skeleton is divided into?

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

A

head, neck trunk
skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, bony thorax (ribs/sternum), sacrum/coccyx

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3
Q

What is the apendicular skeleton composed of?

A

limbs
pectoral griddle, extremities, pelvic griddle

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4
Q

What is the skull composed of?

A

Cranial and facial bones

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5
Q

What is the auditory ossicles composed of?

A

Middle ear bone

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6
Q

What is the hyoid bone composed of?

A

neck muscles, tongue

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7
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions, sacrum, coccyx

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8
Q

What is the thoracic cage?

A

ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the bony thorax?

A

similar to thoracic cage:
ribs, sternum, coastal cartilage

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10
Q

What is the pectoral griddle composed of?

A

Clavicle, scapula

collarbone, shoulder

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11
Q

What are the upper extremities?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, phalanges

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12
Q

What are the lower extemeties?

A

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges

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13
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
fibrocartilage

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14
Q

What is cartilage made of?

A

aneural/avascular
Surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue (perichondrium)
chondrocytes (secrete cartilage in matrix)
resiliant

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15
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage?

A

articular cartilage
coastal cartilage
respiratory cartilage
nasal cartilage

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16
Q

Where is elastic cartilage?

A

external ear
epiglottis
flexible

17
Q

Where is fibrocartilage?

A

intervertebral discs
menisci
pubic symphysis

shock absorbant
tensile strength

18
Q

What are the four classifications of bone? Differentiate between each.

A

Long (limbs)
Short (tarsals/carpals)
irregular (vertebra)
flat (sternum)

19
Q

What are the two ways to classify bones?

A

texture
size/shape

20
Q

What are the two main textures of bone (what are the two types of osseous tissues)? Differentiate between them. Where are they found?

A

Compact (dense) from osteons
Spongy (cancellous) from trabeculae

21
Q

What is the gross anatomy of long bones?

A

epiphysis
epiphyseal line
diaphysis

spongy
compact

articular cartilage

periosteum

medullary cavity
-endosteum
-yellow bone marrow

22
Q

What is the difference between proximal and distal epiphysis?

A

Proximal rounder

23
Q

What are the microscopic structures of bone?

A

Osteon
Lamealle
Central (Haversian) canal
Volkmann’s canal
Osteocyte in lacuna
Lacunae
Perforating (sharpey’s) fiber
Periosteum
Endosteum
Canaliculi
Compact bone
spongy bone

24
Q

What is an osteon or Haversian system?

A

central canal
concentric lamellae

25
Q

What is canaliculi?

A

tiny canals
central canal - lamella -lamella

transportation network

26
Q

What are the perforating canals?

A

volkmann’s canals
connect blood and nerve supply of medullary cavitity to central canal

27
Q

What do bone marking indicate?

A

where bones form joints with other bones
muscles, ligaments, etc. attach
blood vessels/nerves

28
Q

What are projections? What’s the difference between those and depressions?

A

Depression- opening
Projection -outward growth

29
Q

What are the different types of projections

A

projections at site of muscle and ligament attachment
projections that help form joints

30
Q

What are examples of projections at the site of attachments? Differentiate between each

A

Tuberosity
Crest
Trochanter
Line
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process

31
Q

What are examples of projections that form joints?

A

Head
Facet
Condyle
Ramus

32
Q

What type of depressions are there?

A
  1. for passage of vessels and nerves
33
Q

What are examples of depressions?

A

fissure
foramen
notch

34
Q

What are other examples of bone markings?

A

meatus
sinus
fossa

Anatomy 1 (4 decks)

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