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Anatomy 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways epithelium appears as?

A

Lining/covering or glandular

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the epithelium?

A

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory reception

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelium?

A

Polarity (apical, free surface/basal)
Specialized junctions
Basement Membrane
Avascular
Regeneration

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4
Q

What are the two ways to classify epithelia cells?

A

Cell shape and relative amount of layers

simple/stratified
squamous/cuboidal/columnar

based on apical surface of epithelium

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5
Q

What is pseudo-stratified epithelium and transitional epithelium?

A

pseudo (fake) actually simple columnar , weirdly shape
transitional - urinary cells

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6
Q

What are the functions of the simple types of epithelium? Where are they located?

A

1.simple cuboidal (secretion/absorption) (small glands, ducts, ovary, kidney)

  1. simple columnar , contain goblet cells, sometimes with cilia , absorption/ secretion, digestive tract, uterus, glands
  2. pseudo-stratified columnar , upper respiratory tract, secretes mucus
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7
Q

What are the functions and locations of stratified epithelium?

A
  1. stratified squamous epithelium , protects underlying tissue, epidermis, mouth, vagina

2.stratified cuboidal , protection, large ducts (sweat, mammary glands) (two layers)

3.stratified columnar ,protection/secretion, male urethra

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8
Q

What are the four main types of connective tissue?

A
  1. connective tissue proper
    2.cartilage
  2. bone
    4.blood
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9
Q

What are the subgroups of connective tissue proper loose?

A

Areolar, adipose , reticular

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10
Q

What are the subgroups of connective tissue proper dense?

A

regular, irregular, elastic

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11
Q

What are the subgroups of cartilage?

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

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12
Q

What is connective tissue proper loose areolar?

A

Appearance: small thin random fibers, nucleus looks randomly dispersed
Function: cushions organs, inflammation
Location: under epithelia, forms lamina propria, surrounds capillaries

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13
Q

What is connective tissue proper loose adipose?

A

Appearance: bubbles of fat, nucleus is hard to see
Function: reserve fuel, insulates
Location: under skin, breasts, eyeballs

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14
Q

What is connective tissue proper loose reticular?

A

Appearance: lots of nuclei , reticular fibers look like roots, dark purple
Function: forms soft internal skeleton, mast cells/macrophages
Location: lymphoid organs (bone marrow, spleen)

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15
Q

What is connective tissue proper dense regualr?

A

Appearance: wave of dark pink collagen fibers, fibroblasts are oval
Function: attaches muscles to bones, bones to bones withstand stress when force is applied
Location: tendons, ligaments , joints

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16
Q

What is the connective tissue proper dense irregular?

A

Appearance: looks like a muscle,
Function: withstand tension from multiple directions, structural strength
Location: fibrous capsules or organs and joints

17
Q

What is connective tissue proper dense elastic?

A

Appearance: Lots of elastic fibers (purple and pink)
Function: Allows recoil, maintains blood flow through arteries
Location: Walls of large arteries

18
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Appearance: Fuzzy matrix, dark nucleus
Function: Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion
Location: Embryonic skeleton, covers end of long bones

19
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Appearance: More elastic fibers in matrix, more dark purple webs
Function: Maintains shape of structre
Location: external of ear

20
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Appearance: looks like it has more fibers but its hyaline
Function: Absorb compressive shock
Location: discs of joint, intervertebral discs

21
Q

What is bone tissue?

A

Osseous
Appearance: Wood bark
Function: Supports and protects, bone marrow formation, stores minerals and fat
Location: Bones

22
Q

What is blood?

A

Appearance: Circular red bubbles
Function: Transport respiratory gases, nutrients
Location: In blood vessels

23
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

Appearance: neuron and web of lines
Function: Transmit chemical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Location: Brain, spinal cord, nerves

24
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Appearance: Lone line of fibers and cells (striations)
Function: voluntary movement , locomotion, facial expression
Location: Skeletal muscles attached to skin

25
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Appearance: Looks like skeletal with cell gaps , striations
Function: contracts, propels blood circulation, involuntary
Location: walls of heart

26
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Appearance: sheet of cells meshed together, smooth
Function: propels substances, internal passageway, involuntary control
Location: walls of hollow organs

27
Q

What are the different muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal tissue
Smooth muscle
Cardiac

Anatomy 1 (4 decks)

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