Histology Flashcards
What are the two ways epithelium appears as?
Lining/covering or glandular
What are the main functions of the epithelium?
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory reception
What are the characteristics of epithelium?
Polarity (apical, free surface/basal)
Specialized junctions
Basement Membrane
Avascular
Regeneration
What are the two ways to classify epithelia cells?
Cell shape and relative amount of layers
simple/stratified
squamous/cuboidal/columnar
based on apical surface of epithelium
What is pseudo-stratified epithelium and transitional epithelium?
pseudo (fake) actually simple columnar , weirdly shape
transitional - urinary cells
What are the functions of the simple types of epithelium? Where are they located?
1.simple cuboidal (secretion/absorption) (small glands, ducts, ovary, kidney)
- simple columnar , contain goblet cells, sometimes with cilia , absorption/ secretion, digestive tract, uterus, glands
- pseudo-stratified columnar , upper respiratory tract, secretes mucus
What are the functions and locations of stratified epithelium?
- stratified squamous epithelium , protects underlying tissue, epidermis, mouth, vagina
2.stratified cuboidal , protection, large ducts (sweat, mammary glands) (two layers)
3.stratified columnar ,protection/secretion, male urethra
What are the four main types of connective tissue?
- connective tissue proper
2.cartilage - bone
4.blood
What are the subgroups of connective tissue proper loose?
Areolar, adipose , reticular
What are the subgroups of connective tissue proper dense?
regular, irregular, elastic
What are the subgroups of cartilage?
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
What is connective tissue proper loose areolar?
Appearance: small thin random fibers, nucleus looks randomly dispersed
Function: cushions organs, inflammation
Location: under epithelia, forms lamina propria, surrounds capillaries
What is connective tissue proper loose adipose?
Appearance: bubbles of fat, nucleus is hard to see
Function: reserve fuel, insulates
Location: under skin, breasts, eyeballs
What is connective tissue proper loose reticular?
Appearance: lots of nuclei , reticular fibers look like roots, dark purple
Function: forms soft internal skeleton, mast cells/macrophages
Location: lymphoid organs (bone marrow, spleen)
What is connective tissue proper dense regualr?
Appearance: wave of dark pink collagen fibers, fibroblasts are oval
Function: attaches muscles to bones, bones to bones withstand stress when force is applied
Location: tendons, ligaments , joints
What is the connective tissue proper dense irregular?
Appearance: looks like a muscle,
Function: withstand tension from multiple directions, structural strength
Location: fibrous capsules or organs and joints
What is connective tissue proper dense elastic?
Appearance: Lots of elastic fibers (purple and pink)
Function: Allows recoil, maintains blood flow through arteries
Location: Walls of large arteries
What is hyaline cartilage?
Appearance: Fuzzy matrix, dark nucleus
Function: Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion
Location: Embryonic skeleton, covers end of long bones
What is elastic cartilage?
Appearance: More elastic fibers in matrix, more dark purple webs
Function: Maintains shape of structre
Location: external of ear
What is fibrocartilage?
Appearance: looks like it has more fibers but its hyaline
Function: Absorb compressive shock
Location: discs of joint, intervertebral discs
What is bone tissue?
Osseous
Appearance: Wood bark
Function: Supports and protects, bone marrow formation, stores minerals and fat
Location: Bones
What is blood?
Appearance: Circular red bubbles
Function: Transport respiratory gases, nutrients
Location: In blood vessels
What is nervous tissue?
Appearance: neuron and web of lines
Function: Transmit chemical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Location: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What is skeletal muscle tissue?
Appearance: Lone line of fibers and cells (striations)
Function: voluntary movement , locomotion, facial expression
Location: Skeletal muscles attached to skin
What is cardiac muscle?
Appearance: Looks like skeletal with cell gaps , striations
Function: contracts, propels blood circulation, involuntary
Location: walls of heart
What is smooth muscle?
Appearance: sheet of cells meshed together, smooth
Function: propels substances, internal passageway, involuntary control
Location: walls of hollow organs
What are the different muscle tissue?
Skeletal tissue
Smooth muscle
Cardiac
