Skeletal System

Question 1

matrix

Answer 1

hard, intercellular, sparse cells

Question 2

osteoblasts

Answer 2

produce bone, secrete matrix that’s made of collagen and complex carbohydrates

Question 3

ossification

Answer 3

process of osteoblasts hardening in the matrix, calcium and phosphate minerals form hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 4

lacunae

Answer 4

osteoblasts trapped and hardened in matrix

Question 5

osteocytes

Answer 5

bone cells, osteoblasts surrounded by bone

Question 6

canaliculi

Answer 6

channels that blood travels through, how nutrients enter and exit the bone tissue

Question 7

bone functions

Answer 7

support, protect, leverage, storage (calcium and phosphorus), blood cell formation

Question 8

cancellous bone

Answer 8

spongy, light yet strong

Question 9

cortical bone

Answer 9

compact, very dense and strong. makes up shaft of long bones and outside of all bones.

Question 10

haversian systems

Answer 10

tightly compacted bone system

Question 11

haversian canal

Answer 11

blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves. supply osteocytes

Question 12

periosteum

Answer 12

membrane, around outside of bone

Question 13

capillaries

Answer 13

supply blood to the bone through the periosteum

Question 14

Volkmann’s canal

Answer 14

vessels pass through tiny channels in matrix, join haversian canal to bring nutrition to osteocytes within the haversian system

Question 15

nutrient foramina

Answer 15

larger blood vessel and nerve entrance, nutrients to bone marrow

Question 16

2 methods of bone formation

Answer 16

endochondral/cartilage bone formation
intramembranous/membrane bone formation

Question 17

primary growth center

Answer 17

diaphysis

Question 18

secondary growth center

Answer 18

epiphysis

Question 19

epiphyseal plates

Answer 19

growth, epiphyseal lines. creates new long bone, allows long bone to length, ossify as growth stops. can cause weak bones if too much stress is put on them while still growing

Question 20

osteoclasts

Answer 20

remove bone from where it isn’t needed. allows body to take calcium from bones when it is needed to raise blood calcium levels

Question 21

skull

Answer 21

most complex bone. 37-38 bones. connected by sutures, only the mandible is a movable synovial joint.

Question 22

sutures

Answer 22

immovable fibrous joints

Question 23

hyoid bone

Answer 23

H shaped, under base of tongue, supports and helps swallow. attached to temporal bone by 2 small pieces of cartilage. can be damaged if vet tech pulls too hard when trying to intubate

Question 24

ribs

Answer 24

flat bones of thorax, # of pairs of ribs = # of thoracic vertebrae. dorsally: connect to thoracic vertebrae. ventrally: most ribs attach by cartilage to sternum.

Question 25

sternum

Answer 25

breastbone, floor of thorax in chest cavity

Question 26

thoracic limbs

Answer 26

front legs - scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges

Question 27

pelvic limbs

Answer 27

rear legs - pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubic), femur, patella, fabellae, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges