Skeletal System Flashcards
matrix
hard, intercellular, sparse cells
osteoblasts
produce bone, secrete matrix that’s made of collagen and complex carbohydrates
ossification
process of osteoblasts hardening in the matrix, calcium and phosphate minerals form hydroxyapatite crystals
lacunae
osteoblasts trapped and hardened in matrix
osteocytes
bone cells, osteoblasts surrounded by bone
canaliculi
channels that blood travels through, how nutrients enter and exit the bone tissue
bone functions
support, protect, leverage, storage (calcium and phosphorus), blood cell formation
cancellous bone
spongy, light yet strong
cortical bone
compact, very dense and strong. makes up shaft of long bones and outside of all bones.
haversian systems
tightly compacted bone system
haversian canal
blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves. supply osteocytes
periosteum
membrane, around outside of bone
capillaries
supply blood to the bone through the periosteum
Volkmann’s canal
vessels pass through tiny channels in matrix, join haversian canal to bring nutrition to osteocytes within the haversian system
nutrient foramina
larger blood vessel and nerve entrance, nutrients to bone marrow
2 methods of bone formation
endochondral/cartilage bone formation
intramembranous/membrane bone formation
primary growth center
diaphysis
secondary growth center
epiphysis
epiphyseal plates
growth, epiphyseal lines. creates new long bone, allows long bone to length, ossify as growth stops. can cause weak bones if too much stress is put on them while still growing
osteoclasts
remove bone from where it isn’t needed. allows body to take calcium from bones when it is needed to raise blood calcium levels
skull
most complex bone. 37-38 bones. connected by sutures, only the mandible is a movable synovial joint.
sutures
immovable fibrous joints
hyoid bone
H shaped, under base of tongue, supports and helps swallow. attached to temporal bone by 2 small pieces of cartilage. can be damaged if vet tech pulls too hard when trying to intubate
ribs
flat bones of thorax, # of pairs of ribs = # of thoracic vertebrae. dorsally: connect to thoracic vertebrae. ventrally: most ribs attach by cartilage to sternum.
sternum
breastbone, floor of thorax in chest cavity
thoracic limbs
front legs - scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges
pelvic limbs
rear legs - pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubic), femur, patella, fabellae, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges
