Central Nervous Sytem

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord, integrates afferent signals (primarily sensory info) to initiate a response through PNS

Question 2

white matter

Answer 2

inside the brain, myelinated nerve fibers (axons)

Question 3

gray matter

Answer 3

outside the brain, nerve cell bodies

Question 4

myelin

Answer 4

fatty substances surrounding axons to provide insulation to propagate action potentials down axons, gives the white appearance

Question 5

what protects the brain?

Answer 5

meninges and CSF

Question 6

blood-brain barrier

Answer 6

cellular barrier between capillaries and nerves, can prevent drugs and toxins from reaching the brain tissue

Question 7

cerebrum

Answer 7

largest part of brain

Question 8

cerebral cortex

Answer 8

outermost layer of the cerebrum, contains gray matter. Higher order thinking, R and L hemispheres connected by corpus callosum (white matter), basal ganglia, limbic system

Question 9

basal ganglia

Answer 9

collection of brain nuclei, function in motor movement

Question 10

limbic system

Answer 10

deep, emotional/behavioral patterns. Functions: establishment of emotional states, long term memory, storage, revival

Question 11

frontal lobe

Answer 11

voluntary movement, behavior, learning, integration center for reward and attention

Question 12

parietal lobe

Answer 12

integrating sensory info that is sent from afferent peripheral nerves through the thalamus

Question 13

temporal lobe

Answer 13

speech and memory. receives information related to sounds

Question 14

occipital lobe

Answer 14

primary visual cortex, integrates visual information. Back of brain, special receptors for seeing and recognizing things in the visual world

Question 15

primary motor area

Answer 15

medial surface of frontal lobes, motor function

Question 16

primary motor complex

Answer 16

endpoint for process of motor signals before messages are sent to muscle that produce movements, planning movement

Question 17

sensory areas in parietal lobes

Answer 17

auditory, visual , somatosensory, proprioceptive info is integrated. Receive info from sensory receptors in the skin and receptors for skeletal muscles

Question 18

hippocampus

Answer 18

in temporal lobe, memory and emotion. Rabies affect these

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

muscle movement, balance, posture, ‘little brain’ lots of sensory input, fine tunes motor activity, injury causes jerky, uncoordinated movements in all 4 limbs at once. estimates where limbs are in space/depth of area. compares what movement was intended with the movements happening and makes adjustments in milliseconds

Question 20

brainstem regions

Answer 20

pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata

Question 21

brainstem

Answer 21

primitive functions: sleep, respiration, swallowing, posture, thermoregulation by coordinating autonomic function with cardiovascular/respiratory centers

Question 22

medulla oblongata

Answer 22

relay with ANS to aid in controlling respiration, bp, heart rate

Question 23

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 23

core of brainstem extending from the medulla through the pons and midbrain. Inhibited during sleep, thus involved in the sleep-wake cycel

Question 24

RAS damage

Answer 24

state similar to non-REM sleep. Prevents lab animals from sleeping in a study

Question 25

Diencephalon

Answer 25

regulates connection between cerebrum and brainstem

Question 26

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Answer 26

in diencephalon region. Sensory info transmitted to other regions of the cerebrum

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

ventral to thalamus, control of homeostasis and repro, integrates ANS functions by controlling BP, electrolyte composition with kidneys, body temp, food/water intake, stress response, sleep-wake cycle, reproductive activates

Question 28

cranial nerve 2

Answer 28

optic nerve, transmits visual info from the eye

Question 29

Cranial nerve 8

Answer 29

vestibulocochlear nerve that transmits action potentials for hearing

Question 30

cranial nerve 10

Answer 30

vagus nerve is a primary nerve of a parasympathetic nervous system and transmits info from the GI tracts and respiration

Question 31

spinal cord

Answer 31

in vertebral column, super highway of sensory and motor nerves traveling to and from the brain. White and gray matter reversed

Question 32

gray matter of spinal cord

Answer 32

mostly cell bodies

Question 33

white matter of the spinal cord

Answer 33

nerve fibers

Question 34

CSF

Answer 34

flows through a central canal in the center of the spinal cord

Question 35

Dorsal nerve roots

Answer 35

2, afferent sensory nerves

Question 36

Ventral nerve roots

Answer 36

2, efferent motor nerves