skeletal system

Question 1

Function of a skeletal system?

Answer 1

• gives the body its shape
• allows for movement
• makes blood cells
• stores minerals
• protects organs

Question 2

Boneclassifications?

Answer 2

1. long bone
   - hard, dense bones
   - provide strength, structure and mobility
   - femur
2. short bone
   - cubic and mostly spongy
   - provides stability and limited motion
   - carpal
3. flat bones
   - thin, flat and slightly curved
   - spongey bone between 2 layers of compact bone
   - helping to protect organs or provide a connection point for muscles
   - parietal
4. irregular bones
   - have complex shapes
   - protect organs
   - sphenoid

Question 3

Joint classifications?

Answer 3

1. Fibrous joint
   - adjacent bones are firmly attached by connective tissue consisting of collagen
   - they do not move.
2. Cartilaginous joint
   - bones are entirely connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
   - allow more movement than fibrous joints
3. Synovial joint
   - connected bones are enclosed in a smooth cartilage which is protected by a capsule containing synovial fluid
   - allow for the most movement

Question 4

Common features of joints?

Answer 4

• Synovial fluid fills the joint cavity
• Supported by ligaments
• Cartilage at the ends of bones
• Synovial lining lines the joint cavity and produces synovial fluid
• Articular capsule

Question 5

Types of joint?

Answer 5

1. Hinge joint
   - back and forth movement
   - elbows
   - extension + flexion
2. Pivot joint
   - rotary movement around a single axis
   - head movements
   - wrist movements
   - rotation
3. Ball and socket joint
   - hips and shoulders
   - circumduction
4. Saddle joint
   - 2 types of movement
   - finger movements
   - flexion + extension, adduction + abduction

Question 6

Types of movements

Answer 6

1. flexion
   - decreases the angle between two bones at the joint
   - bicep curl
2. extension
   - increases the angle between two bones at a joint
   - straightening the leg at the knee
3. Abduction
   - movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
   - moving a leg out to the side
4. Adduction
   - movement of a body part towards the midline of the body
   - lowering the arm to the side of the body
5. Dorsiflexion
   - movement of the top of the foot towards the shin
6. Plantarflexion
   - movement of the top of the foot towards the ground
7. Circumduction
   - nearly 360 movement
   - arm circles
8. Rotation
   - moving a body part around on its axis
   - head turns