Skeletal System Flashcards
Skeletal System Functions:
- supports the body
- Protects soft body parts
- Produces blood cells
- Stores minerals (calcium and phosphate) and fat
- Allows for movement via attached muscles and articulations
Diaphysis:
shaft of the bone; compact bone filled with yellow marrow
Epiphysis:
ends of bone; mostly spongy bone
Articular Cartilage:
hyaline cartilage found on the ends of long bones
What does yellow bone marrow store?
fat
What does red bone marrow make and which bones is it found in?
makes blood cells and found in spongy bone and flat bones
Periosteum:
Outer covering of fibrous connective tissue
Ligaments:
Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones
Compact bone:
- composed of osteons with a central canal containing blood vessels
- contains living bone cells called osteocytes in chambers called lacunae
Spongy bone:
made of plates with spaces filled red bone marrow.
Canaliculi:
Tiny canals that connect the lucunae with one another and with the central canal in a bone.
Ligaments connect: Tendons connect:
bone to bone. muscle to bone at a joint
Chondrocytes:
cartilage-forming cells
Fibrocartilage:
disks between vertebrae in the knee; stronger than hyaline cartilage
Epiphysieal Plate:
growth plate
Elastic Cartilage:
ear flaps and epiglottis; flexible
How many bones are there in the body?
206
Bone of the axial system consist of:
skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid bone.
Bones of the skull:
frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, mandible, mixable, zygomatic bone.
What is the first cervical vertebra called and what does it hole up?
atlas and it holds up the head.
What kind of cartilage are intervertebral discs composed of?
fibrocartilage
Parts of the backbone cervical:
thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx
Bones of the appendicular skeleton:
hip bone, patella, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, fibula, tibia, scapula, clavicle, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle.
3 types of articulations:
fibrous joint, cartilaginous joint, synovial joint
Bone growth occurs in 2 ways:
intramembranous ossification and endochondrial ossification
Steps involved in Endochondral Ossification:
- chondrocytes lay down hyaline cartilage in the shape of future bones.
- oestoblasts secrete bone matrix to make compact bone collar.
- osteoblasts are transported into bone by blood vessels and create spongy bone.
- bone centers in the epiphyses formed after birth.
- growth plate` allows bones to lengthen.
growth hormone (GH)
stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plates.
the articulation joins when it comes to movability:
- fibrous joint is usually immovable.
- cartilaginous joint tends to be slightly movable.
- synovial joint is freely movable
Osteoporosis
bones are weakened due to decreased bone mass.
Remodeling bones involves:
the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
What does the parathyroid hormone do?
increases blood calcium by accelerating bone recylcing
What does calcitonin do?
decreases blood calcium.
How is a bone repaired after a fracture?
- blood clot forms between broken bones
- callus of fibrocartilage forms between broken bones
- cartilaginous callus is turned to spongy bone
- old bone tissue is replaced by new compact bone tissue.
Spongy bone contains what?
red bone marrow, where blood cells are formed
Which is not a function of a skeletal system?
production of body heat
These cells are responsible for the formation of cartilage:
chondrocytes
This bone is the only movable bone of the skull:
mandible
This area of the vertebral column is the location where the ribs attach:
thoracic region
Which of the following is not a bone of the appendicular skeleton?
a rib
In which movement does a synovial joint allow the appendage to increase its angle from the body?
extension
