Skeletal system

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

• Movement
• Protection
• Support
• Store of minerals
• Red blood cell production in bone marrow

Question 2

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 2

• Forms main axis or core of skeleton. Bones protect main organs and spinal cord.
• Consists of the:
• Skull (cranium and facial bones)
• Thorax (sternum and ribs)
• Vertebral column

Question 3

What is the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

• Made up of bones that provide and allow for effective movement of limbs.
• Consists of:
• Bones of upper limbs -arms and hands (60 bones)
• Bones of lower limbs - Legs and feet (60 bones)
• Shoulder girdle (connects upper limbs to axial skeleton
• Pelvic girdle (hip bones) - this connects upper body to lower limbs and protects digestive and reproductive organs

Question 4

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 4

• Cervical (7 vertebrae)
• Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
• Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
• Sacrum ( 5 bones)
• Coccyx ( 4 tiny bones)

Question 5

What are the types of bones?

Answer 5

• Long bones, found in limbs such as Femur and humerus, etc
• Short bones, small and light bones e.g hands, feet, ankles, and wrists
• Flat bones, Thin and flat e.g Sternum, cranium, and scapular
• Sesamoid bones, have a specialized function as they are found inside a tendon e.g patella (Knee cap)
• Irregular bones, complex shapes and don’t fit into a category e.g vertebra and hip bones

Question 6

What are the different types of joints?

Answer 6

• Fused (Fixed), fixed together so no movement can occur e.g cranium
• Fibrous (Fixed) cannot move, interlocked with tough fibrous tissue, e.g radius, and ulna
• Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) ends of bone are covered in cartilage allowing small movement e.g vertebra
• Synovial (moveable) offer the highest level of movement, most common joint in the body

Question 7

What are the different types of Synovial joints?

Answer 7

• Ball and socket e.g shoulder and hip
• Hinge e.g elbow and knee
• Pivot e.g axis and atlas of neck
• Gliding e.g carpals and tarsals of hands and feet
• Saddle e.g thumbs and toes
• Condyloid e.g wrists and ankles

Question 8

How are bones grown and developed?

Answer 8

• Initially the skeletin is formed from protiens called chondrin and collagen that together form cartiridge
• Over time the cartridge forms to bone, but is found near the end of bones and where flexibility is needed i.e ears and nose.

Question 9

What are Osteoblasts and what do they do?

Answer 9

• They surround blood vessels forming concentric rings
• Produce salts containing calcium and phospates (what we consider bone)
• They are kept alive by connecting with each other and blood vesses in the Haversian system

Question 10

What are Osteoclasts and what do they do?

Answer 10

• Cells contained within the bone that can destroy bone
• The allow the body to control bone density, allowing it to vary throughout a lofetime reflecting the stresses and demands placed upon it